High miR-196a and low miR-367 cooperatively correlate with unfavorable prognosis of high-grade glioma

Identification of microRNAs (miRNAs) could be beneficial for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma. Therefore, we attempted to identify and develop specific miRNAs as prognostic and predictive markers for glioma patients. We compared the expression profiles of 365 miRNAs between 4 glioblastomas (GBMs, WHO grade IV) and 4 anaplastic astrocytomas (AAs, WHO grade III) using miRNA qPCR Array. MiR-196a (P = 0.004, fold change = 289.86) and miR-367 (P = 0.044, fold change = 0.03) were identified as the most up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs in GBMs compared with AAs, respectively. We subsequently examined miR-196a and miR-367 expression levels in an independent series of 63 gliomas including 50 GBMs and 13 AAs, as well as 10 non-neoplastic brain tissues, and statistically analyzed the associations between miRNA expression and clinicopathological characteristics and survivals of these glioma patients. MiR-196a and miR-367 showed significant increased and decreased expression in high-grade gliomas relative to non-neoplastic brains, as well as in GBMs versus AAs, respectively. Additionally, high-miR-196a and low-miR-367 expression, alone or in combination, statistically correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features of gliomas. Furthermore, overall survivals of glioma patients with high-miR-196a, low-miR-367 and high-miR-196a/low-miR-367 expression tended to be shorter than the corresponding control groups (all P ≤ 0.001). Moreover, multivariate analysis indicated high-miR-196a/low-miR-367 as an independent prognostic indicator for glioma patients (P = 0.005, risk ratio = 1.8). Our results suggested that both high-miR-196a and low-miR-367 expression may be associated with aggressive progression and unfavorable clinical outcome in glioma patients. And combination of high-miR-196a and low-miR-367 expression may be a novel biomarker in identifying a poor prognosis group of high-grade glioma.