Novelty P3 reductions in depression: Characterization using principal components analysis (PCA) of current source density (CSD) waveforms

We previously reported a novelty P3 reduction in depressed patients compared to healthy controls ( n =20 per group) in a novelty oddball task using a 31-channel montage. In an independent replication and extension using a 67-channel montage ( n =49 per group), reference-free current source density (CSD) waveforms were simplified and quantified by a temporal, covariance-based principal components analysis (PCA) (unrestricted Varimax rotation), yielding factor solutions consistent with other oddball tasks. A factor with a loadings peak at 343 ms summarized the target P3b source as well as a secondary midline frontocentral source for novels and targets. An earlier novelty vertex source (NVS) at 241 ms was present for novels, but not targets, and was reduced in patients. Compatible CSD-PCA findings were also confirmed for the original low-density sample. Results are consistent with a reduced novelty response in clinical depression, involving the early phase of the frontocentral novelty P3.