烟台市居民减盐防控高血压知识、态度、行为及影响因素

目的了解烟台市居民减盐防控高血压知识、态度、行为的现状及其影响因素,为制定减盐防控高血压相关政策和健康教育提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法选择烟台市18~69岁居民,开展减盐防控高血压知识、态度和行为问卷调查和体格测量。结果居民高血压患病率为25.07%,超重检出率为29.97%,肥胖检出率为23.28%。盐与高血压知识问题的回答正确率依次为高血压诊断标准（36.54%）、高血压导致脑卒中（46.68%）、吃盐多使血压升高（56.43%）、每人每天6 g盐（22.81%）、少吃盐降血压（51.59%）、吃盐多导致高血压（55.44%）。居民对少吃盐的打算、低盐饮食宣传、加工食品标注盐或钠含量、低盐饮食4个态度问题认同率均较高,分别为86.27%、94.83%、89.26%和90.65%,居民采取过主动减盐行为率为34.02%。经logistic分析,态度综合得分高、已婚人群、女性和知识综合得分高人群更能够采取主动减盐措施。结论居民减盐防控高血压知识知晓率不高,对减盐的支持率较高,但行为率却很低,急需采取针对性干预措施,提高居民主动减盐的行为率。

Knowledge,attitude, behavior and influencing factors of low salt for preventing hypertension in residents of Yantai city

Objective To study the knowledge, attitude, behavior and influencing factors of low salt for preventing hypertension in residents of Yantai and to provide the basis for low salt intake and health education. Methods The residents （ 18-69 years old） in Yantai were selected by multiple stratified sampling method as the subjects. The investigation for knowledge, attitude and behavior of anti-hypertension by low salt was conducted using questionnaire and physical examination. Results The morbidities of hypertension, overweight and obesity were 25.07%, 29.97%0 and 23.280/0, respectively. The accuracy rates of response to low salt and anti-hypertension knowledge were 36.54% （diagnosis criteria of hypertension）, 46.68% （hypertension resulting in stroke）, 56.43% （more salt intake resulting in increased blood pressure）, 22.81%0 （6 g salt per person a day）, 51.59% （low salt intake reducing blood pressure ）, 55.44% （high salt resulting in hypertension）. The identification rates of four attitudes indicators were 86.27%0 （low salt intake）, 94.83% （low-salt diet propaganda）, 89.26% （food package labelled by salt or Na content） and 90.65% （low salt diet）, respectively. The rate of actively reducing salt intake was 34.02%. Logistic model analysis indicated that the comprehensive score of attitude was high, the married residents, females and residents with high attitude scores could take actively the measures for reducing salt intake. Conclusion The awareness rate of anti-hypertension by low salt is not high, the supporting rate for reducing salt is higher but the behavior rate of reducing salt is low. The intervention measures should be taken to increase the behavior rate of actively reducing salt in residents.