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汶川大地震受灾者创伤后应激症状及危险因素
引用本文:李 勇,贺丹军,吴玉琴,杨宁波,王昊飞,丛晓银. 汶川大地震受灾者创伤后应激症状及危险因素[J]. 中国康复医学杂志, 2008, 23(10): 868-871
作者姓名:李 勇  贺丹军  吴玉琴  杨宁波  王昊飞  丛晓银
作者单位:南京医科大学第一附属医院临床心理科,江苏省南京市,210029
摘    要:
目的:探讨大地震受灾者的心理健康状况、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状及其影响因素,为心理救助及康复提供依据。方法:2008年四川汶川大地震1个月后,采用事件影响量表(IES)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和受灾情况表对57例受灾者进行创伤后应激障碍症状、情绪障碍及人口学资料调查,根据诊断分为PTSD组与非PTSD组进行对照比较,并与60例医院健康体检人群进行对照比较。结果:①地震受灾组的IES总分、闯入因子、回避因子、警觉性因子、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑和其他项目因子分均高于正常对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),地震受灾组的SCL-90总分和抑郁因子分高于正常对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);②PTSD组的教育程度在小学及以下的比例、被困比例和伤残比例均高于非PTSD组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),PTSD组的一级亲属死亡比例、无家人支持比例均高于非PTSD组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:地震受灾者灾后1个月存在明显创伤后应激症状、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、眠差等表现,心理救助和康复较为必要,应重点关注导致伤残、教育程度低、有被困经历、丧失亲人、缺少家庭支持的地震受灾个体。

关 键 词:地震  创伤后应激障碍  危险因素
收稿时间:2008-08-05

Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk factors among earthquake survivors in Wenchuan Sichuan
LI Yong,HE Danjun,WU Yuqin,et al.. Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk factors among earthquake survivors in Wenchuan Sichuan[J]. China Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2008, 23(10): 868-871
Authors:LI Yong  HE Danjun  WU Yuqin  et al.
Affiliation:The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing, 210029
Abstract:
Objective: To describe the characteristic of post -traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among earthquake survivors in Wenchuan Sichuan and to explore the risk factors associated with PTSD following earthquake. Method: In 2008, 1 month after the major earthquake in Wenchuan Sichuan, 57 survivors and 60 health control subjects were surveyed to examine the background factors of demographics and to exposure the stress symptoms and mental disorders that were associated with PTSD. The characteristic of PTSD was assessed using Impact of Event Scale (IES) and SCL -90. Result: Compared with control subjects, earthquake survivors group had more IES scores, significant severe post-traumatic stress symptoms, physical fatigue, depression and anxiety. The prevalence rate of PTSD (n=25) was 43%. The PTSD group significantly different from non-PTSD on variables, with greater likelihood on low school education, disability, death of first-class relative, no family support. Conclusion: Earthquake survivors had more symptoms of PTSD, physical fatigue and emotion problems. Low school education, disability, death of first-class relative and less family support were the risk factors associated with PTSD following earthquake.
Keywords:earthquake  post-traumatic stress disorder  risk factor
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