健康信念模式在肝移植术后患者随访教育中的应用

目的探讨健康信念模式在肝移植术后患者随访中的应用效果。方法将肝移植术后随访患者随机分为实验组190例和对照组184例，实验组采取健康信念模式干预随访过程，对照组采取常规随访，对两组患者肝功能异常、感染等不良事件的发生率进行统计学分析。结果肝移植术后患者随访过程所关注的问题集中在随访的意义、心理疏导、合理用药等7个方面；术后患者更希望通过设置随访专栏、成立移植之家、媒体播放随访故事与新闻等、强化随访角色功能等途径参与随访并进行互动。实验组肝功能异常、感染、原发病复发等主要不良健康事件的发生率分别为16．8％，3．2％和2．1％；对照组分别为21．2％，10．3％和9．8％，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（x2分别为3．578、2．661、2．004，P〈0．05）。结论将健康信念模式应用于肝移植术后随访教育过程，可明显减少患者术后不健康事件的发生率。

Study about health belief model in fellow up post liver transplantation patients

Objective To explore the importance of health belief model in the fellow-up course for patients after liver transplantation.Methods 374 patients were included. Questionnaire was used to discuss how to establish health belief model. All the patients were divided into experiment group (n=190) and control group (n=184) randomly. Experiment group adopted health belief model to follow up, while control group adopted general model. Contrast the occurring ratio of abnormal liver function, infection and recurring of original diseases between the 2 groups.Results The patient focus on the significance of fellow up, psychology leading, medicine and other 7 aspects. The patients also interested in fellow up column, transplantation group, story and news in media, strengthen the function of patients. Education grade and age had no effect on the questionnaire. Health belief model could be established through above aspects, following up in Health belief model the occurring ratio of abnormal liver function, infection and recurring of original diseases for experiment group was 17%, 3.1%, 2.7%, and for control group it was 21%, 10.2%, 9.8% respectively. All the differences were significant(χ2=3.578,2.661,2.004;P<0.05).Conclusions Using health belief model to intervene the course of follow-up could reduce the occurring ratio of harmful events significantly.