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目的了解北京市0~6岁儿童视力、听力、肢体、智力、精神残疾的现患率及其分布特征,重点考察智力低下儿童(残疾)的现患及分布特点。方法2003-07—2004-11北京市残疾人联合会、北京市卫生局联合组织采用概率比例、二阶段分层整群抽样的方法进行现况调查,使用丹佛发育筛查测验及Gesell发育诊断量表进行智力筛查和诊断,采用SPSS10·0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果北京市0~6岁儿童智力低下现患率为9·31‰,城市为7·60‰,农村10·37‰,男童(11·24‰)高于女童(7·25‰)(χ2=12·42,P<0·01),现患率有随年龄增长而增高的趋势(趋势χ2=23·58,df=6,P<0·01),智力低下严重程度构成分别为轻度65·54%、中度20·97%、重度5·99%、极重度7·49%。结论北京市儿童智力低下的防治应以轻度类型为主,重点在农村地区;北京市需结合世界发达国家的经验,建立自己的智力低下监测、防治体系。

An epidemiological study on prevalence of mental retardation in 0～6-year children in Beijing,China

??AbstractObjectiveA cross??sectional epidemiological study was conducted to assess the prevalence and characteristics of distribution of mental retardation (MR) among children under 7 years old. MethodsThe study adopted sampling method by 2??phase cluster stratified;the DQ was evaluated with standardized Gesell developmental schedule. ResultsA total of 267 children were found among the children of 28682,the rate being 9??31,of which 7??60 in city and 10.37 in countryside.The prevalence in male was higher than that in female,and it increased with age.The percentage of mild,moderate,severe and profound of MR was 65??54%??20??97%??5??99% and 7??49% respectively. ConclusionThe prevention and treatment of mild MR should be a priority and the rural areas should be paied more attention.It is imperative to establish a MR surveillance program in Beijing the experience of the developed countries.