美托咪啶用于全身麻醉的随机对照试验的Meta分析

目的评价美托咪啶用于全身麻醉患者的临床效果和安全性。方法电子检索PubMed、EBSCO、Springer、Ovid、外文生物医学期刊全文数据库和CBMdisc、CNKI，文献检索起止时间均从建库至2008年4月，同时检索纳入文献的参考文献，纳人探讨美托咪啶用于全身麻醉患者的临床效果与安全性的随机对照试验，并逐个进行质量评价和资料提取。统计学分析采用RevMan4．2．10软件。结果共纳入25个随机对照试验（共1241例）。Meta分析结果显示：与生理盐水相比，美托咪啶能降低围手术期患者的心率和血压，减少术后恶心呕吐[RR=0．57，95％CI（0．38，0．84）]、躁动[RR=0．29，95％CI（0．17，0．51）]、寒战[RR=0．45，95％CI（0．29，0．68）]，但增加患者心动过缓[RR：2．16,95％CI（1．58，2．95）]和低血压[RR=2．97，95％CI（1．42，6．18）]的发生率。加用美托咪啶能减少硫喷妥钠、异氟醚、芬太尼的用量，而在减少肌松药的用量方面与生理盐水相比，两者差异无统计学意义。美托咪啶在早期苏醒指标上与生理盐水组无差异，由于术后并发症较少，美托咪啶组患者能更快地出苏醒室[WMD=15．17，95％CI（3．87，26．46）]。结论现有有限资料表明，在维持围手术期血流动力学平衡上，美托咪啶优于生理盐水。此外，美托咪啶还能减少术后恶心呕吐、躁动、寒战的发生；减少静脉和吸入麻醉药的用量，但不减少肌松药的用量；在苏醒时间上，美托咪啶与生理盐水组无差异，在出苏醒室时间上，美托咪啶更有优势。

Dexmedetomidine in the General Anesthesia:A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective To determine the efficiency and safety of dexmedetomidine in general anesthesia. Methods Trials were located through electronic searches of the PubMed, EBSCO, OVID, Springer, Foreign Journals Integration System, CNKI, CMBdisk (from the date of establishment of the databases to April 2008). Bibliographies of the retrieved articles were also checked. Result A total of 25 trials involving 1 241 patients were included.The Meta-analysis showed: dexmedetomidine reduced peri-operative heart rate and blood pressure, reduced the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomitting [RR=0.57, 95%CI (0.38, 0.84)], postoperative agitation [RR=0.29, 95%CI (0.17, 0.51)], shivering [RR=0.45, 95%CI (0.29, 0.68)], increase the occurrence of bradycardia [RR=2.16, 95%CI (1.58, 2.95)], hypotension [RR=2.97, 95%CI (1.42, 6.18)]. Dexmedetomidine reduced administration of thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, while there was no difference in muscle relaxant.Dexmedetomidine showed no difference in emergency time compared with the control group.As a result of low incidence of adverse reaction, dexmedetomidine showed superior in discharge time [WMD15.17, 95%CI (3.87, 26.46)]. Conclusions The limited current evidence shows that dexmedetomidine is better in maintaining the hemodynamic balance; reducing occurrence of nausea, vomiting, agitation and shivering; and reducing doses of anesthetics. In emergency time, dexmedetomidine shows no difference except discharge time.