吸入制剂肺部沉积的机制和影响因素研究进展

吸入制剂作为一种药-械组合的复杂制剂，通过呼吸道吸入给药后经肺部沉积，在肺局部和全身发挥作用。根据剂型的不同，吸入制剂可分为压力定量气雾剂（pressurized metered-dose inhaler，pMDI）、干粉吸入剂（dry powder inhaler，DPI）、软雾吸入剂（soft mist inhaler，SMI）和雾化吸入剂（nebulizer，NEB）。药物粒子在气道内的运动和沉积是多种沉积机制共同作用的结果，而且粒子在肺部沉积也会受到多种因素影响。本文详细阐述了药物粒子在肺部沉积的常见的6种机制：惯性撞击、重力沉降、布朗扩散、静电沉积、截流沉积和湍流，并进一步从临床研究角度对吸入制剂在肺部沉积的主要影响因素（给药因素、生理因素和外界环境因素）的研究进展进行综述。

Research progress on the mechanisms and influencing factors of pulmonary deposition of the inhaled preparations

Inhalation preparation,as a complex drug mechanical combination,is deposited through the lungs after inhalation and administration through the respiratory tract and plays a role in the lung and the whole body.According to different dosage forms,inhalation preparations can be divided into pressurized metered dose inhaler(pMDI),dry powder inhaler(DPI),soft mist inhaler(SMI)and nebulizer(NEB).The movement and deposition of drug particles in airway are the combined effects of many deposition mechanisms,and the deposition of drug particles in the lung is affected by many factors.This paper reviewed the six different mechanisms of drug particles deposition in the lung,such as inertial impaction,gravity sedimentation,Brownian diffusion,electrostatic deposition,closure deposition and turbulence.Meanwhile,from the perspective of clinical research,the main factors(drug administration,physiological and environmental factors)which influenced lung deposition of the inhaled preparations were further elaborated.