乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型的初步构建

目的: 探索建立数字化参考牙冠模型的设计流程,初步构建乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型,为乳牙标准牙冠模型的建立奠定基础,为计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造(computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture,CAD/CAM)技术在儿童口腔医学中的相关应用提供参考和依据。方法: 在北京市海淀区多所幼儿园中选取全口健康无龋、年龄4~5岁的儿童作为研究对象。对儿童取上下颌牙列印模后制取石膏牙颌模型,通过三维牙颌模型扫描仪重建数字化牙颌模型。利用三维逆向工程软件Geomagic Studio 2013提取全口乳牙所有牙位的单个牙冠数据,测量其近远中径、颊舌径和龈牙合径,再按照缩放比例因子,对每一牙位的牙冠进行牙冠标准化处理,基于3~5个牙冠特征点进行对齐,最后通过平均值拟合的方法构建出乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型。结果: 共纳入40名儿童,其中男14名,女26名,均为汉族。获取到40副上下颌牙列石膏模型,在重建数字化牙颌模型后,通过逆向工程技术,测量获得乳牙牙冠近远中径、颊舌径和龈牙合径相关数据,并成功构建全口20颗乳牙的数字化参考牙冠模型,能够反映乳牙牙冠特征形貌。结论: 通过逆向工程技术构建乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型,为乳牙标准牙冠模型的建立提供了参考,对临床、科研和教学等具有应用价值,有助于CAD/CAM技术在儿童口腔医学领域的应用。

Initial establishment of digital reference standardized crown models of the primary teeth

Objective: To explore the construction process of the digital reference crown models, and to initially establish the digital reference crown models of the primary teeth to lay the foundation for the establishment of the standardized crown models and the future related applications of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology to pediatric dentistry. Methods: This study randomly selected children who were caries free, aged from 4 to 5 years in several kindergartens of Haidian District of Beijing. Plaster dental models were made for the children after taking complete impressions. The digital dental models were reconstructed by using the three-dimensional (3D) dental model scanner. And then, Geomagic Studio, a 3D reverse engineering software, was employed to extract the single dental crown data, the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters and the height of the crowns were measured. The object was reduced or enlarged by a numerical factor, and then the size of each dental crown was standardized. A total of 3-5 points features on the crown were created, and all the objects were aligned through the functions of feature-based alignment. Finally, through average-based object creation and smoothing, the digital models of reference crowns of the primary teeth were established. Results: A total of 40 plaster dental models from 16 boys and 26 girls were selected out for our further study. The digital dental models were reconstructed, and the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters and the height of the crowns were measured by using reverse engineering technology. Comparing the results of using mesiodistal diameter, buccolingual diameter and height as the standards, we chose the mesiodistal diameters of crowns to do the standardization, and successfully established the digital reference models of 20 primary teeth crowns with detailed surface characteristics. Conclusion: In this study, the digital reference crown models of the primary teeth were established by reverse engineering technology, providing reference value for the standardized crown models and application for clinical practice, scientific research and teaching. Furthermore, this study also contributes to the extensive application of CAD/CAM technology in pediatric dentistry and the development of CAD/CAM dental systems with independent intellectual property rights.