学龄期矮小儿童焦虑抑郁状况与个性特征的调查及相关分析

目的探讨学龄期矮小儿童焦虑、抑郁状况及个性特征，分析其相关性。方法选取102例学龄期矮小儿童为实验组，同年龄健康儿童78例为对照组。采用儿童焦虑性情绪筛查量表（SCARED）、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC）和儿童版艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）分别对两组儿童进行问卷调查，总结两组儿童焦虑、抑郁状况及个性特征，并分析其相关性。结果实验组焦虑者44．12％显著高于对照组的16．67％，差异有统计学意义（X^2=15．25，P〈0．01）；两组抑郁发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（X^2=1．10，P〉0．05）；实验组儿童的焦虑总分以及躯体化／惊恐、广泛性焦虑、社交恐怖、学校恐怖分量表评分均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（t分别为6．281，3．325，7．427，8．857，2．542；P〈0．05）；实验组EPQ量表神经质或情绪稳定性（N）、精神质（P）评分分别为（16．35±4．23），（8．31±3．46）分分别高于对照组的（11．86±3．82），（5．21±2．78）分，内外向（E）、掩饰性（L）评分分别为（11．36±3．14），（8．24±5．10）分分别低于对照组的（13．37±4．25），（11．24±3．43）分，差异均有统计学意义（t分别为4．531，4．767，3．124，2．521；P〈0．05）。SCARED评分与N和P呈正相关，与E和L呈负相关（r分别为0．37，0．33，-0．31，-0．19；P〈0．05）；DSRSC评分与N和P呈正相关，与E呈负相关（r分别为0．17，0．13，-0．21；P〈0．05）。结论学龄期矮小儿童较正常儿童有更多的焦虑情绪，其焦虑抑郁心理与个性特征相关。在治疗儿童躯体疾病的同时，对矮小儿童进行社会心理干预非常必要。

Correlation study of anxious, depression mental and the characters of personality among school-aged children with short stature

Objective To study the correlation between emotion of anxious and characteristic of personality among school-aged children with short stature. Methods depression and the 102 of school-aged children with short stature was experimental group and 78 age-matched healthy children was control group were investigated with the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders （SCARED）, depression self rating scale for children （DSRSC） and Eysenck personality questionnaire （EPQ）, respectively. Results There was significantly difference in the positive rates of anxious between experimental group（44.12% ） and control group （ 16.67% ） （ X2 = 15.25, P 〈 0.01 ）, but the significantly difference in the percentage of depression was no detected （P 〉 0. 05 ）. Experimental group anxiety total score and subscales score of somatization/panic, generalized anxiety, social phobia, school phobia were significantly higher than that of control group （t = 6. 281, 3. 325,7. 427,8. 857,2. 542, respectively; P 〈 0.05 ）. The scores of the EPQ-N and EPQ-P of experimental group that （ 16.35±4.23 ）, （ 8.31±3.46 ） were significantly higher than that of control group （ 11.86±3.82）, （5.21±2.78 ）, while the scores of the EPQ-L and EPQ-E that （8.24±5.10 ）, （ 11.36±3.14） were significantly lower than that of control group （ 11.24±3.43 ）, （ 13.37±4.25 ） （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The score of SCARED was positively correlated with EPQ-N and EPQ-P and negatively correlated with EPQ-E and EPQ-L （r =0.37,0.33, -0.31, -0.19, respeetively;P 〈0.01 ）,while the score of DSRSC was positively correlated with EPQ-N and EPQ-P and negatively correlated with EPQ-E （r = 0. 17,0. 13. -0.21, respectively; P 〈 O. 05 ）. Conclusions School-aged children with short stature have more anxiety and depression than the normal children, which relate with their personality. So, it is very important to implement the evaluation and supportive interventions for them.