老年人膳食平衡指数的建立及验证

目的建立适用于老年人的膳食平衡指数(E-DBI-16),并验证E-DBI-16的可靠性。方法依据《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》、《中国老年人膳食指南(2016)》及《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013)》,参考中国膳食平衡指数(DBI-16)的框架,采用分段取值的评分方法构建E-DBI-16。通过《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》中的老年人推荐食谱及上海市老年居民食物摄入资料,对其可靠性进行验证。结果构建了符合老年人特征的E-DBI-16,《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》中的推荐食谱被E-DBI-16评为适宜(0~14分),老年人膳食能量以及营养素摄入与E-DBI-16的负端分、膳食质量距呈负相关,与正端分呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001),且高能量、高蛋白质膳食和高能量、高脂肪膳食在正端分评价为无摄入过量的比例非常低,多数为较适宜或过量;在负端分和膳食质量距中评价为失衡的比例均超过90%。结论E-DBI-16能较好地反映老年人的膳食质量和实际膳食摄入状况。

Establishment and verification of dietary balance index for the elderly

Objective To establish a dietary balance index for the elderly(E-DBI-16)and to verify its reliability.Methods According to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2016),Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Elderly(2016),Dietary Reference Intake for Chinese Residents(2013 edition),and the framework of Chinese Dietary Balance Index(DBI-16),a piecewise scoring method was used to establish the E-DBI-16,and its reliability was verified through the Chinese Residents Dietary Guidelines(2016)recommended recipes for the elderly and elderly residents’food intake data of Shanghai city.Results An E-DBI-16 in line with the characteristics of the elderly was established.The recommended recipes in Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2016)were rated as suitable by E-DBI-16(0-14 points).The dietary energy and nutrient intake of the elderly were negatively correlated with the LBS and DQD of the E-DBI-16 and positively correlated with the HBS,the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.001).The proportion of high-energy,high-protein diet and high-energy,highfat diet evaluated as no excess intake in the HBS was very low,most were suitable or excessive,and the proportion of imbalance was more than 90%in the LBS and DQD.Conclusion The E-DBI-16 can well indicate the dietary quality and actual dietary intake of the elderly.