宁波市某区农村生活饮用水现状调查及风险因素分析

目的通过监测宁波市某区农村生活饮用水水质情况并进行风险因素评估,为制定农村饮用水安全发展规划,推进社会主义新农村建设提供依据。方法 2013年-2017年对该地区13个乡镇水厂的水源水、出厂水和管网末梢水进行监测,检验结果按照GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价。结果共检测水样1 891份,水样总体合格率为78. 42%,其中水源水合格率为89. 23%,出厂水合格率为83. 67%,管网末梢水合格率为77. 50%,3种水样的合格率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=7. 645,P <0. 05),不合格项目主要为浑浊度和锰。比较3种水样在丰水期和枯水期的合格率,只有管网末梢水提示差异有统计学意义(χ^2=59. 114,P <0. 05)。分析历年管网末梢水的不合格率,发现水样的不合格率呈现逐渐降低的趋势。结论宁波市某区的农村生活饮用水水质总体较好,但部分监测指标不合格率较高,仍需保护水源,提高水处理工艺,以提高生活饮用水水质合格率。

Drinking water quality monitoring and risk factor analysis in rural areas of a district in Ningbo

Objective To analyze the drinking water quality in rural area of a district in Ningbo from 2013 to 2017 and evaluate the risk factors,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating reasonable indicators and measurement of drinking water quality.Methods A total of 1 891 water samples were collected and monitored. The data were evaluated according to Standards for Drinking Water Quality( GB 5749-2006). Results A total of 1 483 water samples were qualified,with the total qualification rate of 78. 42%. The qualification rate of resource water,center water supply and peripheral water were respectively 89. 23%,83. 67% and 77. 50%,and the differences were statistically significant( χ^2= 7. 645,P < 0. 05). The main unqualified detected items were turbidity and manganese. The difference of peripheral water quality had statistical significance between wet period and dry season( χ^2= 59. 114,P < 0. 05). Analysis of the failure rate of water at the end of the pipe network over the years found that the failure rate of water samples showed a gradual decrease. Conclusion The drinking water quality in the rural areas of a district in Ningbo was not very well,especially the turbidity,manganese and other indicators. So protecting the source of water supply,improving the quality of water disinfection and operation channel,extensive education of the safety drinking water publicity and education should be strengthened to ensure water safety of the locals.