黑龙江省汉族学生近视状况调查分析

目的了解黑龙江省汉族学生视力现状及近5年变化情况。方法采用实验法对黑龙江省汉族学生进行视力检查,统计不同年龄组城乡学生近视发病率及视力水平,并将监测结果与2005年测试数据进行比较分析。结果 2010年男生近视患病率为47.9%;女生为55.9%;城市男生为56.2%,乡村男生为39.6%;城市女生为64.2%,乡村女生47.9%;男女生及城市与乡村近视患病率经χ2检验差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。2010年男女生总体视力均处于中等近视水平,男生好于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。16～18岁城市男生及城乡女生、13～15岁乡村男生近视率高于其他年龄组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其中16～18岁男女生视力水平最低。2005年男生近视患病率为40.7%,女生为49.6%;2010年男生为47.9%,女生为55.9%;男女生近视比例均有所增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2010年黑龙江省学生总体视力高于全国水平,男生视力好于女生,乡村学生好于城市学生,小学生、大学生好于初高中生。2010年学生近视率较2005年明显增加,且男生近视率增加较女生明显,城市较乡村明显,初高中生增加较小学生明显,大学生则有所下降。

Analysis on myopia of the Han students in Heilongjiang province

Objective To understand Han students＇ visual status and the regular pattern in Heilongjiang prov- ince. Methods Examining vision by experiment, Statistics different age groups of urban and rural students＇ myopia inci- dence and visual acuity level were carried out and compared with the result in 2005. Results Myopia incidences of the boys and girls were 47.9% , and 55.9% , the men＇ s from urban areas and rural areas were 56. 2% and 39. 6% , the women＇ s were 64. 2% and 47.9% ; Myopia incidence between men and women ,urban and rural were analyzed by X2 test and differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0. 05） in 2010 ; Overall vision was moderate myopia level, the men＇ s was better than the women＇ s with statistical significance （P 〈 0. 05）. Myopia rate of the students including 16 - 18 years old city boy , urban and rural girls, 13 - 15 years old rural boys was higher than the other age groups, 16 - 18 years old students were in the lowest vision; The boys＇ myopia incidence was 40. 7%, the girls＇ was 49. 6% in 2005 ;the boys＇ was 47. 9% , the girls＇ was 55.9% in 2010, myopia ratio of the men and women was increased with statistical significance （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Heilongjiang students＇ eyesight is better than our country overall level, boys＇ is better than girls＇ , that from rural is better than urban, primary school students, college students are better than the initial high school students in 2010. The myopia rate increases significantly in 2010 than in 2005, and the boys＇ is more obvious than the girls＇, the city is more obvious than rural, initial high school students increase more obviously than primary school students, but college students has declined.