昆明市青少年变应性鼻炎患者变应原谱分析

目的调查昆明地区变应性鼻炎（allergicrhinitis，AR）患者的变应原谱。方法将具有典型AR临床症状的567例患者按年龄分为9组，采用13种当地常见变应原对不同性别年龄组患者进行变应原分布情况分析。结果①女性患者粉尘螨、户尘螨、蒿属花粉和法国梧桐的过敏阳性率显著高于男性（t=2．701，P=0．012）。②不同年龄组中，过敏原分布比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③93．5％患者检测出过敏原，其中2．1％患者对一种过敏原过敏，91．4％患者为多重过敏。在粉尘螨与户尘螨两种过敏原中，5．46％仅对其中一种尘螨过敏，85．4％同时对两种尘螨过敏。④平均过敏原的个数随年龄增大而增多（F=8．738，P=0．012），而各年龄组男女性别间比较差异无统计学意义（F=1．873，P=0．400）。结论尘螨、蒿属花粉和法国梧桐是昆明地区最常见的过敏原，随年龄增长，患者的人均变应原个数增多。

Spectrum of sensitized allergens in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis in Kunming

Objective To investigate the main allergens in children with allergic rhinitis （AR） in Kunming. Methods Thirteen kinds of common allergens in Kunming were used for performing skin prick test （SPT） in 567 children suffering from suspected AR. AU the children were divided into 9 age groups and 2 gender groups. And the distributions of different allergens in all the groups were analyzed. Results ① The positive rates of SPT for Dermatophagoides farinae （Der f） , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus （Der p ） , Mugwort, Platanus in female group were significantly higher than those in male group （ t = 2. 701, P = 0. 012 ）. ②The differences of allergens distributions among different age groups were statistically insignificant （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. ③ The total positive rate was 93.5 % , including 2. 1% with single positive allergen and 91.4 % with multiple allergens. As for Der f and Der p, the rates with single positive allergen and dual positive allergens were 5.46% and 85.4% respectively. ④ The average numbers of positive allergens were increasing with increasing age （ F = 8. 738, P = 0. 012 ） , while the differences between different genders were insignificant in each age group （F = 1. 873, P = 0. 400 ）. Conclusions Dust mites, Mugwort and Platanus are identified as the most conunon allergens among pediatric patients with AR in Kunming. The average numbers of positive allergens are increased with increased age.