中国成年职业人群身体活动现状及其影响因素

目的:了解我国成年职业人群身体活动现状,分析其影响因素,为政府相关部门制定身体活动指南和干预措施提供基础资料和科学依据。方法:"2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查"中使用"一年回顾性身体活动问卷"收集了29783名(男15911,女13872)18~59岁职业人群的身体活动资料。对问卷中各种身体活动强度进行赋值,计算身体活动水平(physical activity level,PAL),以PAL≥1.7或<1.7作为判断身体活动充分或不足的标准。采用Logistic模型分析职业、地区、文化程度、家庭收入、年龄和性别对身体活动不足的影响。结果:我国职业人群身体活动充分率为68.3%,城市为40.1%,农村为76.9%,农村明显高于城市。大城市、中小城市、一类农村、二类农村、三类农村及四类农村职业人群身体活动充分率分别为34.0%、45.0%、74.4%、73.1%、75.9%、83.7%,从大城市到四类农村有逐渐升高的趋势。职业劳动对身体活动充分率的贡献最大,其次为家务劳动。影响因素分析结果表明,职业、地区、文化程度及性别对身体活动是否充分的影响较大。结论:我国居民的身体活动模式仍然是职业劳动占主要地位,但存在职业、地区以及文化程度等差异,应根据不同地区、人群的具体情况制定相应的指南,采取不同的干预措施。

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS OF PROFESSIONALS IN CHINA

Objective: To describe the physical activity level and its influencing factors of Chinese professionals, to provide basis for developing intervention strategies. Method: The information on physical activity was collected by one year physical activity questionnaire in "2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey", and 29 783 professionals aged 18-59 years old(male 15 911, female 13 872)were involved. Metabolic equivalent (MET) was adopted to estimate the intensity level of physical activities. Physical activity level (PAL) was calculated to classify sufficient (PAL≥1.7) or insufficient (PAL<1.7). Logistic model was used to analyze the influence of occupation, region, education level, age, gender and economic level on physical activity level. Result: The sufficient rate of physical activity among Chinese professionals was 68.3% (urban 40.1% and rural 76.9%). The sufficient rate of physical activity among large city, middle and small city, ruralⅠ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 34.0%, 45.0%, 74.4%, 73.1%, 75.9% and 83.7% respectively. The occupational physical activity contributed the most part of the total physical activity, followed by household work. Compared with other factors, occupation, region, education level and genderplayed more important roles on physical activity level. Conclusion: Occupational physical activity was the major physical activity in Chinese professionals. The influencing factors on physical activity level were occupation, region, and education levels. Specific interventions should be developed for different people.