综合性医院压疮现患率多中心联合调研

目的:获得综合性医院住院成人患者的压疮现患率和医院获得性压疮发生率,为下一步预防策略的制定提供依据。方法:采用统一的调研时间、工具、方法、流程及判断标准,组织统一培训合格的护士457名对12所综合性医院≥18岁的住院患者实施横断面调研,统计压疮现患率和医院获得性压疮发生率,采用SPSS16.0统计软件进行描述性统计分析。结果:压疮现患率为1.579%,医院获得性压疮发生率为0.628%。压疮现患率排序前三位科室分别为ICU、老年科、神经内科,医院获得性压疮发生率排序前三位科室分别为ICU、老年科、内科;前三位年龄分别为>89岁、80～89岁、70～79岁;前三位压疮部位分别为骶尾部、足跟部、髂嵴;前三位发生时段为不清楚发生时间、8∶00-12∶00和2∶00-8∶00。结论:本研究所获得的压疮现患率和发生率可代表我国部分地区住院患者的基线值。≥70岁者是压疮预防的重点对象;骶尾部、足跟部和髂嵴部是压疮重点防护部位;ICU、老年科和内科是重点预防科室;8∶00-12∶00和2∶00-8∶00是重点预防时段,值得注意的是有76.545%的压疮发生时段不清楚,因此需要加强护士的压疮预防意识并严格执行交接班制度,按要求检查皮肤。

Multicenter investigation on prevalence and incidence rate of pressure ulcers in general hospitals

Objectives： To obtain the prevalence and incidence rate of pressure ulcers and to provide reference for preventing pressure ulcers. Methods： We used unified investigating times, tools, ways, procedure flows and judgment criteria, and organized 457 nurses who received unified training and passed examination to do a cross-sectional investigation for prevalence and incidence rate of pressure ulcers. The inclusion criteria were the patients more than or equal 18 years old adults and were hospitalized in 12 general hospitals. The prevalence and incidence rate of pressure ulcers were calculated by SPSS 16.0. Results： The prevalence rate of pressure ulcers was 1.579% and the incidence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers is 0.628%. According to the prevalence and incidence rate of pressure ulcers, the first three units were Intensive Care Unit （ICU）, Geriatrics department, Neurological department and Intensive care unit respectively. The first three age levels were more than 89 years old, 80-89 years old and 70-79 years old. The first three locations were sacrococcygeal region, heel and spina iliaca. The first three onset time periods were no clear time, 8：00-12：00 and 2：00-8：00. Conclusions： The prevalence and incidence rate of pressure ulcers obtained in this research can represent district baseline in China. More than 70 years old patients are the key preventing population. The sacrococcygeal region, heel and spina iliac are the key preventing locations, ICU, Geriatrics, Neurological and Medical department are the key preventing units. The time periods of 8：00-12：00 and 2：00-8：00 are the key preventing time. It is important to find that 76.545% patients with pressure ulcers are not clear the onset time. Nurse should enhance their ulcer preventing awareness and check the patients＇ skin on every duty.