百岁人群健康状况及相关影响因素分析

目的探讨影响百岁人群健康的主要关联因素，为该人群的健康促进与管理提供干预目标和方向。 方法2014年6月至2016年间12月，采用横断面调查方式，组建多学科团队对海南省全样本百岁老年人进行入户上门调查研究。研究采集百岁人群一般人口学资料和健康相关资料，并采用多因素Logistic回归分析该人群的健康相关影响因素。 结果共计943例百岁老年人纳入研究，男175例，女768例，平均年龄（102.8±2.8）岁。其中女性居多（占81.4%），87.9%为文盲，大多数（76.6%）居住在农村；抑郁患病率约32.3%，失能老年人占27.6%，自评健康为差者约22.7%；高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、贫血的患病率分别为66.3%、9.8%、21.2%和67.4%；8.9%有骨折既往史；39.9%存在维生素D缺乏；视力和听力重度障碍患病率分别为28.0%、31.2%；肾功能下降和营养不良者分别为36.8%和52.6%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，骨折、视力障碍和听力障碍与百岁老年人失能及健康自评差均呈显著正相关（P<0.05），而且骨折与抑郁患病率也显著相关（P<0.05），但未发现高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常与自评健康、日常活动能力和抑郁的相关性（均P>0.05）。 结论骨折、视觉障碍和听力障碍是影响百岁老年人健康状况的重要关联因素，有可能作为高龄及长寿人群健康管理和促进的干预指标。

Study on health status and related influencing factors in centenarians

ObjectiveTo investigate the major connected factors in centenarians and to provide the potential directions on health promotion and management. MethodsFrom June 2014 to December 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals aged 100 and over in Hainan province through door-to-door research by multidisciplinary team. Demographics and health information were collected, multivariate logistic regressions were implemented to analyze the related influencing factors among this population. ResultsA total of 943 centenarians (175 men and 768 women) were included in this study, the mean age was (102.8±2.8) years. Majority of them were being female (81.4%), illiterate (87.9%), and resident in rural place (76.6%). The prevalence of the disability and depression were 27.6% and 32.3% respectively, and approximately 22.7% of the centenarians reported their health status as poor. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and anemia were 66.3%, 9.8%, 21.2%, and 67.4%. 8.9% of them had fracture history, 39.9% of them were deficient in vitamin D, 28.0% of them suffered from severe visual impairment and the number is 31.2% for severe auditory impairment; the prevalence of renal function decline and malnutrition were 36.8% and 52.6%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model showed that fracture, visual and hearing impairments were significantly and positively correlated with disability as well as poor self-rated health (P < 0.05). In addition, fractures were also significantly associated with depression (P < 0.05). However, there's no correlations found between hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and self-rated health, ability of daily activities, depression (P > 0.05). ConclusionFracture, visual and auditory impairment are the major connected factors on health status in centenarians, and may work as intervention indicators for health promotion and management in the advanced ages.