免疫印迹法检测血液和尿液中HIV-1抗体的实验研究

目的 用免疫印迹法检测HIV携带者的血液和尿液样本,研究尿检试剂替代血检试剂用于HIV确证的可行性.方法 采集河南、浙江研究对象87名的血液和尿液,分别用血检试剂和尿检试剂平行检测,按各自检定标准判定结果,统计各特异性条带出现频率.结果 87名被检者中,血检阳性41人,尿检阳性39人,符合率为97.7%.阳性血液样本中出现频率最高的条带是gp160、p24、gp120,最低的是p55、p31、p17;阳性尿液样本中出现频率最高的条带是gp160、gp120、sp41,最低的是p17、p55、p24.结论 HIV携带者尿液中的抗体与血液不同,灵敏度也有一定差异,通过改进尿检试剂的制备工艺,同时制定适宜的判定标准,可以使尿检试剂替代血检试剂应用于HIV-1抗体的检测确证.

Comparison study on HIV-1 antibody test in human blood and urine specimens using western blot

Objective To test and compare results of HIV-1 antibody in blood and urine specimens tested by western blot. Method 87 blood specimens and paired urine specimens were collected from Henan and Zhejiang, and tested by western blot. The results according to the criterion of each assay were interpreted and the frequencies of virus specific bands were counted. Results Among 87 specimens, 41 blood specimens and 39 mine specimens were positive respectively. The coincidence rate was 97.7%. In blood specimens, the frequency of gp160/p24/gp120 bands was the highest and that of p55/p31/p17 was the lowest. In urine specimens, the frequency of gp160/gp120/gp41 bands was the highest and that of p17/p55/p24 was the lowest. Conclusions HIV-1 antibody in urine is different from that in blood, new technics and criterions will increase the probability of test in urine specimens.