湘西州土家族、苗族小学生营养状况分析

目的 了解湘西土家族苗族自治州的土家族、苗族小学生营养状况，为改善少数民族学生营养状况提供依据。方法 分层随机整群抽取湘西州泸溪、古丈、保靖、永顺县8所小学的2 876名土家族和苗族小学生，对其身高、体重进行测量，采用身高标准体重法进行营养状况评价。结果 土家族、苗族小学生营养不良检出率分别为6.68%、7.13%，低体重率分别为24.57%、24.90%，超重率分别为8.21%、6.59%，肥胖率分别为7.77%、7.66%；营养不良率女生（7.92%）高于男生（5.90%）（χ²=4.55，P<0.05）；肥胖率男生（8.89%）高于女生（6.49%）（χ²=5.79，P<0.05），城镇（9.08%）高于乡村（5.43%）（χ²=12.56，P<0.01）；土家族不同性别、居住地，苗族不同居住地小学生肥胖率差异均有统计学意义；不同民族城镇小学生超重率差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论 湘西州土家族、苗族小学生营养不良和营养过剩同时存在，应对不同群体的营养问题进行针对性指导。

Nutritional status of Tujia and Miao minority pupils in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture

Objective To examine nutritional status of Tujia and Miao minority pupils in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and to provide a basis for the improvement of minority students' nutritional status.Methods With stratified cluster random sampling, totally 2 876 Tujia and Miao minority pupils were selected from eight primary schools in Luxi, Guzhang, Baojing, and Yongshun county of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture and height and weight of the pupils were measured and evaluated with the method of height for weight.Results The malnutrition rate in the Tujia and Miao minority pupils was 6.68% and 7.13%;the underweight rate was 24.57% and 24.90%;the overweight rate was 8.21% and 6.59%;and the obesity rate was 7.77% and 7.66%.The malnutrition rate of girls(7.92%) was higher than that of boys(5.90%)(χ²=4.55, P<0.05);the obesity rate of boys(8.89%)was higher than that of girls(6.49%)(χ²=5.79, P<0.05) and the rate of urban students(9.08%)was averagely higher than rural students(5.43%)(χ²=12.56, P<0.01).There were significant differences in obesity rate among Tujia pupils of different gender and residing area and among Miao pupils with different residing area and the overweight rate was significant different between urban and rural pupils(all P<0.05).Conclusion Malnutrition and overnutrition existed at the same time among Tujia and Miao minority pupils and measures should be taken in different groups according to their different nutritional status.