农村留守儿童生长发育及营养状况分析

目的调查农村留守儿童生长发育和营养状况，探寻其存在的主要营养与健康问题，为政府制定相关政策及进一步开展农村儿童营养与健康干预提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法，抽取四川省南充市辖区内西充和蓬安2个县的6所小学，使用测量法和问卷法测查5~6年级1 334名学生的身高、体重及食物摄取情况。结果不同类型儿童生长迟缓率、消瘦率和超重率比较差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），其中母亲外出务工儿童生长迟缓率（23.40%）和超重率（31.34%）均最高；不同类型儿童每天食物摄入情况不同，尤其是奶类、鱼肉类、水果及蛋类方面差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05），6种食物每周摄入频次在3~5次及以上者，生长迟缓率最低，喜欢动物食品的儿童超重率（30.4%）最高。结论留守儿童发育不良问题较严重，尤其是母亲不在家对留守儿童的负面影响较重；食物摄入与儿童的生长发育有关，非留守儿童膳食结构较合理，留守儿童膳食结构有待进一步改善。

Growth and nutritional status among rural left-behind children

ObjectiveTo investigate the status of and the relationship between the growth and nutrition status among rural left-behind children and to provide evidences for making relevant polices and conducting nutritional intervention in the children.MethodsTotallty 1 334 studetns of grade 5 and 6 were randomly selected from 6 primary schools in Xichong and Peng'an county of Nanchong city with multi-stage stratified cluster sampling and investigated with a questionnaire survey and physical measurement.ResultsThere were significant differences in the rates of growth retardation,emaciation,and overweight among the children of different groups(P< 0.05 for all).The rates of growth retardation(23.40%)and overweight(31.34%)in the children with mothers being migrant workers were higher than those of other children.There were significant differences in daily food intakes among children of different groups,especially for dairy,fish,fruits,and egg(P<0.05 for all).The children having the intakes of six kinds of food 3-5 times a week or more had the lowest the rate of growth retardation and the children being fond of the animal food had the highest rate of overweight(30.4%).ConclusionGrowth retardation and overweight are serious health problems among rural left-behind children,especially among the children without mothers at home.Dietary intake is associated with the growth status of children and dietary structure of left-behind children needs to be improved.