拉萨大骨节病区居民主粮消费特征及硒摄入量评估

目的 了解西藏拉萨大骨节病区农牧民主粮消费特征,估算居民主粮硒摄入量,为西藏大骨节病防控提供依据。方法 选择拉萨大骨节病流行区105名农牧民进行主粮消费频率调查,同时采集主粮样品268份,测定硒含量并估算主粮硒摄入量。结果 病区居民每日食用2次自产糌粑的比例达72.4%,每天食用≥1次外购大米和面粉的比例为48.6%和66.7%;经常食用大米的频率牧区高于农区,半农半牧区最低,≤39岁青年人食用外购大米、面粉的频率明显高于≥60岁老年人(P< 0.05);外购大米、面粉硒含量分别为36.17、29.31 μg/kg,当地自产青稞、糌粑、小麦的硒含量仅为9.07、9.63、7.46 μg/kg,外购主粮是当地自产粮食含硒量的3.2～4.8倍;初步估计病区居民主粮硒日摄入量为8.30 μg,外购大米、面粉对居民日硒摄入量的贡献率达76.1%。结论 外源性高硒含量主粮的食用直接增加了拉萨病区居民硒的摄入,但自产低硒主粮消费频率仍然偏高,尤以半农半牧区更为突出。

Staple food consumption and related selenium intake among residents in Kashin-Beck disease endemic areas of Lhasa municipality,China

Objective To assess staple food consumption patterns and daily selenium(Se) intake through staple food among residents in Kashin-Beck disease(KBD) endemic areas of Lhasa municipality and to provide evidences for KBD control and prevention in Tibet. Methods Staple food consumption frequency questionnaires were completed by 105 local residents in Lhasa KBD endemic areas and Se concentrations of 268 staple food samples were determined. The average daily Se intake through staple food among the residents was evaluated. Results Among the residents,the proportions of consuming tsamba(made of home-grown highland barley and beans) twice per day,purchased rice and flour once per day or more were 72.4%,48.6% and 66.7%,respectively. The residents in pastoral areas reported a higher proportion of consuming purchased rice frequently compared to those living in farming areas and the residents in farming-pastoral areas reported the lowest proportion; the residents aged ≤ 39 years reported a significantly higher frequency of consuming purchased rice and flour than those aged ≥ 60 years(P< 0.05). Se concentration in the rice and flour purchased in Lhasa were 36.17 μg/kg and 29.31 μg/kg,which were 3.2-4.8 times higher than that of home-grown highland barley(9.07 μg/kg),self-made tsampa(9.63 μg/kg),and home-grown wheat(7.46 μg/kg). The average daily Se intake through staple food was 8.30 μg and 76.1% of total daily Se intake was contributed to the consumption of purchased rice and flour in the residents. Conclusion The increased intake of exogenous rice and flour with high Se content has a significant effect on enhancing Se intake among local residents in Lhasa. However,the consumption amount of home-grown staple food with low Se content is still relative high,especially in farming-pastoral areas.