城市居民退休前后社会适应能力变化趋势分析

目的了解城市居民退休前后社会适应能力的差异，为制定提高老年人生活质量的有关政策及卫生资源规划提供基础信息。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法抽取上海市虹口区1 567名退休前后5年之内的城市居民进行问卷调查，了解其退休前后社会适应能力的变化情况。结果退休前男性和女性居民参加各类活动的频率得分分别为（15.72±3.31）和（16.13±2.82）分，而退休后分别为（14.61±2.73）和（15.02±4.22）分；退休后男性居民参加各类社交活动频率明显低于退休前，差异有统计学意义（t=1.91，P<0.001），退休后女性居民较退休前亦有所下降，但差异无统计学意义（t=5.21，P=0.127）；在对周围人（包括邻居、同事及陌生人）的信任得分中，男性居民退休前、后分别为（8.60±1.53）和（8.73±1.65）分，差异无统计学意义（t=2.74，P=0.235）；女性居民退休前、后分别为（8.53±1.52）和（8.73±1.59）分，差异无统计学意义（t=3.68，P=0.062）；退休前男性居民对外出存在的顾虑因素按所占比重依次为安全因素（41.2%）、健康因素（29.4%）、其他因素（29.4%），退休后依次为健康因素（61.8%）、安全因素（26.5%）、其他因素（11.8%）；女性退休前依次为安全因素（42.9%）、健康因素（28.6%）、其他因素（28.6%），退休后依次为健康因素（52.3%）、其他因素（27.3%）、安全因素（20.5%）。结论退休对老年人的社会适应能力有较大影响，退休后的老人在各方面社会适应能力均出现一定程度的下降。

Change trend of social adaptability in urban residents before and after retirement

ObjectiveTo investigate social adjustment in retired people and to provide elemental information to government for related policy making.MethodsMulti-stage stratified random cluster sampling and a face-to-face questionnaire survey were conducted.Totally 1 567 respondents were investigated.ResultsBefore retirement,the score of partici pating in activities was 15.72±3.31 and 16.13±2.82 for the male and the female residents,respectively,but the scores were 14.61±2.73 and 15.02±4.22 after retirement.In male residents,the trust score before and after retirement were 8.60±1.53 and 8.73±1.65,respectively,and in the female residents,the scores were 8.53±1.52 and 8.73±1.59,respectively.Concerns about going out in the male residents before retirement were safety(41.2%),health(29.4%),and others(29.4%),while after the retirement the concerns were health(61.8%),safety(26.5%),and others(11.8%).In female residents,the concerns about going out were safety(42.9%),health(28.6%),and others(28.6%) before the retirement,and health(52.3%),others(27.3%),and safety factors(20.5%) after the retirement.ConclusionRetirement has a great impact on the ability of social adaptation among the elderly;after retirement,the elderly have a considerable decline in all aspects of social adaptive ability.