湖北省老年住院患者营养状况调查及评价

目的 评估湖北省老年住院患者营养状况及其影响因素,为老年住院患者合理营养支持提供依据。方法 采取分层随机抽样方法,对2014年5—12月湖北省黄冈市等5个地区住院治疗的4 946例老年患者进行营养状况评估。结果 城市和农村居民肥胖率分别34.16%和15.44%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=30.47,P<0.05);营养风险筛查(NRS)评分中,老年住院患者营养风险发生率、贫血发生率、血清总蛋白(TP)异常发生率、血清白蛋白(ALB)异常发生率、总淋巴细胞计数(TLC)和红细胞计数(RBC)异常发生率分别为53.62%、44.54%、53.98%、59.12%、43.17%和39.39%,其中,城市和农村老年住院患者贫血发生率、TP异常发生率、ALB异常发生率、RBC异常发生率差异均有统计学意义(χ²=21.72、32.85、38.23、21.07,均P<0.05)。结论 随着年龄的增长,农村地区老年住院患者的营养风险和营养不良发生率高于城市地区,需要社会和家庭更加关注农村老年患者的营养状况,及时调整膳食结构和食物品种搭配,合理补充各类营养素。

Nutritional status among elderly inpatients in Hubei province

Objective To assess nutritional status and its influencing factors among senile inpatients in Hubei province and to provide references for rational nutrition support in elderly patients.Methods We selected 4 946 elderly patients(aged 60-86 years) hospitalized in general hospitals in 5 prefectures in Hubei province from May through December 2014 using stratified random sampling and assessed nutritional status of the elderly inpatients with physical examination and laboratory test based on the criteria of nutrition risk screening(NRS),2012.Results The obesity rate were 34.16% and 15.44% for the inpatients from urban and rural areas,with a statistically significant difference(χ²=30.47,P<0.05).Among the elderly inpatients,53.62% were at a risk of malnutrition based on NRS assessment;44.54% had anemia;and the abnormal rates were 53.98% for serum total protein(TP),59.12% for blood albumin(ALB),43.17% for total lymphocyte count(TLC),and 39.39% for red blood cell count,respectively.There were significant differences in the rate of anemia and abnormal rates of TP,ALB,and RBC between the inpatients from urban and rural areas(χ²=21.72,32.85,38.23,and 21.07;all P<0.05).Conclusion With the increment of age,rural elderly inpatients have an increased risk of malnutrition than urban elderly inpatients in Hubei province,suggesting more attentions should be paid to nutrition status of rural elderly inpatients.