鄂州市农村老年期妇女健康状况调查与健康质量评价研究

目的对鄂州市农村老年期妇女进行全面调查,分析影响老年期妇女健康的相关因素。方法采用不等比分层整群随机抽样的方法,对鄂州市3个区、6个乡镇的11467名60岁以上的已婚妇女中随机抽取9个行政村的103个组583名老年期妇女,采取入户调查的方式进行访谈式问卷调查及自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)进行调查,利用卡方检验进行单因素分析,并利用逐步回归分析及多因子方差分析老年期妇女健康的高危因素。结果鄂州市60岁以上的农村老年期妇女丧偶率为3499%,平均绝经年龄为4698岁,患病率居前几位的慢性病为高血压(2093%)、骨折(1304%)、心脏病(463%)、糖尿病(051%),主要妇科疾病为阴道炎(1612%)。经单因素分析,婚姻状况、经济状况、使用激素、家庭关系、补钙、家庭结构、人际关系、孕产次等8项因素与农村老年期妇女健康有关;自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)测查,年龄大小、生活愉快及食欲等3项因素与农村老年期妇女健康有关,且生理因素、心理因素、社会因素对农村老年妇女健康状况有不同程度的影响。结论要开展社区保健服务,完善社会养老保障体系,要加强农村老年妇女的健康教育,提供多种有效的社区医疗和保健服务,同时应重视农村老年妇女常见疾病的防治,提高妇女的生活质量。

Investigation and Study of physical Condition of the Aged Women in Ezhou Rural

Objective:To investigate the relevant factors involving physical condition of the aged women through the complete rural survey. Methods:583 aged women were sampled among 11 467 married women over sixty from 3 districts and 6 towns through questionnaire and SRHMS. The methods included card inspection, regression analysis, multi-factors equation analysis and so on. Results:The aged women aged 60 and older, whose spouses hose died, made up 34.99% of the total. Their average menopause age was 46.98. Chronic diseases the aged women suffered from consistsed of high blood pressure (20.93%), fracture(13.04%), heart disease(4.63%),diabetes(0.51%) etc. The main gynecology disease was vaginitis (16.12%). The relevant factors involving women's physical condition were as follows: marital state, economic condition, sex hormone, family relationship, calcium increasing, family structure, personal communication, age, appetite, as well as physical factors, psychological factors, sociological factors, and the like. Conclusion:We should improve community care and service and the security system of the elderly;strengthen the aged women's health education;provide various and effective health care services; emphasize the prevention of common diseases and also enhance women's living quality.