法医精神病学鉴定中未成年人及老年人责任能力鉴定案件分析

目的 探讨法医精神病学鉴定中,涉嫌违法犯罪的未成年人及老年人责任能力鉴定案件的特征.方法 对116例未成年人及107例老年人的刑事案件鉴定资料进行回顾性分析.结果 未成年组的女性（6.0％）比例低于老年组（16.8％）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=6.508,P＜0.05）.未成年组的小学及以下文化程度58例（50.0％）,老年组90例（84.1％）.两组职业均以农民及无业为主,分别占81.0％和87.8％.涉嫌犯罪类型排前3位的在未成年组为抢劫/盗窃（31.0％）、杀人（21.6％）、强奸/猥亵（19.8％）,在老年组为杀人（43.0％）、故意伤害（24.3％）、其他（18.5％）,两组差异有统计学意义（χ^2=38.324,P＜ 0.01）.受害者在未成年组以陌生人（56.9％）为主,老年组以邻居/朋友等熟人（48.6％）为主,两组差异亦有统计学意义（χ^2=28.993,P＜0.01）.鉴定诊断排前三位在未成年组为精神发育迟滞（40.5％）、无精神病（17.2％）和精神分裂症（12.9％）,在老年组为精神分裂症（49.5％）、待分类精神障碍（15.0％）和无精神病（12.1％）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=74.343,P＜0.01）.未成年组与老年组中的精神分裂症及无精神病的涉嫌犯罪类型均以杀人为主,差异均无统计学意义.结论 法医精神病学鉴定中,涉嫌违法犯罪的未成年人及老年人均以男性、文化程度偏低、农民及无业者为主;两组涉嫌的犯罪类型、受害者及鉴定诊断均有显著差异.

Characteristics of crimes involving juveniles or the elderly in forensic psychiatry

Objective To explore the characteristics of the criminal cases of juveniles and the eld erly in forensic psychiatry. Methods This was a retrospective study of 116 criminal cases in juveniles and 107 criminal cases in the elderly. Results There were 7 （6.0%） females in juveniles and 18 （16.8%） females in the elderly. Difference of the proportion between juveniles and the elderly was statistically significant （χ^2 = 6. 508,P 〈 0.05）. In the juveniles, 58 （50.0%） didn＇t get junior high school diploma, in ederly, 90 （84.1%） didn＇t get junior high school diploma. The unemployment or farmers were the main population in both juveniles and the elderly, representing 81.0 % and 7.8 %, respectively. Robbery/steal （31.0%）, homicide （21.6%） and rape/indecency （19. 8%） were the three main crimes in juveniles. Homicide （43.0%）, intentional injury （24.3%） and other crimes （18.5%） were the main crimes in the elderly. The difference was statistically significant （Zz ： 38. 324,P 〈0.01）. Strangers （56.9 %） were the main victims in juvenile crime, while neighbors/friends （48. 6%） were main victims in the elderly crime. This difference was statistically significant （χ^2 =28.933,P 〈 0.01）. Mental retardation （40. 5%）, without Psychosis （17.2%） and schizophrenia （12. 9%） were the top three diagnoses in juveniles. Schizophrenia （49.5%）, other mental disorders （15.0%） and without psychosis （12.1%） were the top three diagnoses in the elderly. The difference was statistically significant （X2 = 74. 343,P〈 0.01）. The homicide was the main criminal type of schizophrenia and without psychosis in both juveniles and the elderly. There was no statistically significant difference. Conclusions Most of the suspects of crime in juveniles and the elderly in forensic psychiatry were male, low education, and farmer or the unemployed. The criminal types, victims, and forensic psychiatry diagnosis were different between juveniles and the elderly.