天津某高校大学生膳食营养现况调查

目的 调查天津某高校大学生每日膳食营养素的摄入情况，并提出健康饮食建议。方法 选取2017年12月~2018年3月在天津某高校就读的143名大学生，采用3d 24h膳食回顾法分析大学生冬春两季营养状况和膳食摄入情况，比较冬春季不同性别每日营养素达标率、膳食来源摄入量及三大产能营养素摄入量供能比例。结果 冬季男生脂肪和碳水化合物摄入达标率高于女生，Fe的摄入达标率低于女生，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；春季女生Fe的摄入达标率高于男生，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,其中不同性别在冬春两季中能量、蛋白质、VA、VB1、VB2、VC、Ca、Mg摄入量均未达到标准供给量。冬季膳食来源实际摄入量达标膳食有畜禽肉类、大豆及坚果；春季膳食来源实际摄入量达标膳食仅有谷类薯类及杂豆，其中冬春两季鱼虾类摄入量达标率最低，分别为5.22%和13.91%。男生冬季蛋白质供能比稍低于推荐值，不同性别其他产能营养素供能比均在推荐范围内。结论 天津某高校大学生存在多种营养素摄入不足，膳食结构不合理的问题，仅供热比符合推荐标准。建议学校食堂改善膳食结构，提供符合膳食标准的多样化食谱，对大学生开展健康饮食的教育宣传。

Investigation on the Status of Diet and Nutrition Among College Students in Tianjin

Objective To investigate the daily dietary nutrient intake of college students in a university in Tianjin and make recommendations for healthy eating. Methods A total of 143 college students studying in a university in Tianjin from December 2017 to March 2018 were analyzed using the 3d 24h dietary review method. The nutritional status and dietary intake of college students in winter and spring were analyzed, and the daily nutrient compliance rate of different genders in winter and spring was compared.Dietary source intake and energy supply ratio of the three major production capacity nutrient intakes.Results In winter, the rate of fat and carbohydrate intake for boys was higher than that for girls, and the rate of Fe intake was lower than that for girls,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The rate of Fe intake for girls in spring was higher than that of boys,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Among them, the energy, protein, VA, VB1, VB2, VC, Ca, and Mg intakes of different genders in the winter and spring seasons did not reach the standard supply. The actual dietary dietary intake in winter is up to livestock and poultry meat, soybeans and nuts; the actual dietary dietary intake in spring is up to cereals and miscellaneous beans. The lowest were 5.22% and 13.91%. The protein energy supply ratio of boys in winter is slightly lower than the recommended value, and the energy supply ratio of nutrients and other capacities of different genders are within the recommended range.Conclusion The problems of insufficient intake of multiple nutrients and unreasonable dietary structure of college students in a university in Tianjin are only for the heat ratio meeting the recommended standards. It is recommended that the school cafeteria improve the diet structure, provide diversified recipes that meet dietary standards, and educate college students on healthy eating.