合溪水库工程对血吸虫病传播的影响及预防控制对策研究

目的 观察合溪水库建设工程对血吸虫病传播的影响，提出预防控制血吸虫病流行的对策。 方法 根据《血吸虫病防治条例》的相关规定，开展合溪水库建设工程血吸虫病卫生学评价工作。收集工程设计报告和血防历史资料，现场勘测工程涉及区域有关情况，开展螺情和病情现况调查，综合分析工程建设项目对血吸虫病流行和传播的影响，提出预防控制血吸虫病流行的措施。结果 合溪水库建设工程对血吸虫病传播具有利弊两重性，如不采取措施则会弊大于利。一方面可在局部区域内消灭钉螺以及阻止钉螺扩散；但另一方面也存在着钉螺孳生、繁殖、扩散以及传染源输入的风险，可能造成区域内血吸虫病重新传播流行。针对影响风险，在工程建设期和运行期需要趋利避害，采取应对措施，防止因工程建设导致钉螺扩散和血吸虫病重新传播流行，提高建设项目的综合效益。结论 合溪水库建设工程存在血吸虫病重新传播流行的潜在危险，应采取有效的控制措施以降低风险。

Impact of Hexi Reservoir Project on schistosomiasis transmission and prevention and control strategies

Objective To investigate the impact of Hexi Reservoir Project on schistosomiasis transmission, and put fowards schostosomiasis prevention and control strategies. Methods The hygienic evaluation of schistosomiasis due to the construction of Hexi Reservoir Project was conducted according to the National Regulation of Schistosomiasis Control. The date concerning the project design and schistosomiasis control in history were collected. A lot of information around the reservoir was got by an on-site inspection. The investigations on distribution of snails and morbidity of schistosomiasis were carried out. The effect of construction of Hexi Reservoir Project on schistosomiasis transmission was systematically evaluated. A series of prevention and control interventions against schistosomiasis were proposed according to the above investigations. Results  The construction of the Hexi Reservoir  Project had a dual character on schistosomiasis transmission, bringing more harm than good. On one hand, snails can be controlled in a localized region by construction of reservoir, on the other hand, schistosomiasis transmission may revive because of the possibility of snails breeding and spreading and imported infectious sources. In view of the situations mentioned above, active measurement must be taken to prevent the snails spreading and schistosomiasis cases importing caused by the construction of Hexi reservoir. Conclusions The construction of Hexi Reservoir Project may cause the revival of schistosomiasis transmission，and effective control measures must be carried out to reduce the risks.