HIV阳性母亲接受预防艾滋病母婴传播对其所生18月龄儿童体格发育的影响

目的 探讨广西壮族自治区（广西）HIV阳性母亲接受预防艾滋病母婴传播（PMTCT）后对18月龄儿童体格发育的影响，为改进PMTCT方案提供科学依据。方法 选取广西艾滋病疫情位居前3位的钦州市灵山县、柳州市鹿寨县、南宁市横县作为研究现场，按照回顾性病例对照研究设计分为病例组和对照组，病例组研究对象为实施了PMTCT的每年新报告HIV阳性母亲及其所生HIV阴性儿童，来源于全国PMTCT管理信息系统数据库的2010年1月1日至2017年12月31日HIV阳性母亲历史卡片以及其所生HIV阴性儿童，共554例；对照组研究对象为2017年健康母亲及其所生的健康儿童，共1 109例。收集PMTCT相关资料及其18月龄儿童的身高、体重和头围等体格发育资料。儿童体格发育不良的定义为身高、体重和头围的3项主要指标中至少1项指标低于正常值范围。结果 病例组的HIV阳性母亲及其所生儿童分别为667例和554例，其PMTCT率分别为91.15%（608/667）和96.57%（535/554），儿童的HIV阳性率、死亡率和HIV母婴传播率分别为1.44%（8/554）、3.07%（17/554）和1.91%（8/418）；18月龄儿童健康体检结果显示，体格发育不良者占30.51%（169/554）；对照组儿童1 109例，体格发育不良者占9.83%（109/1 109），病例组与对照组的体格发育不良率差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 HIV阳性母亲及其所生儿童的PMTCT率均超过90.00%，但是18月龄儿童的体格发育不良者超过30.00%。PMTCT政策对HIV阳性母亲所生儿童的体格发育不良的可能影响，需做进一步研究。

Influence on physical development of children aged 18 months from HIV-positive mothers for prevention mother to child transmission of HIV

Objective To explore influence on physical development of children aged 18 months from HIV-positive mothers for prevention mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, and provide evidence for the improvement PMTCT program. Methods This retrospective case control study was conducted in 554 HIV negative infants aged 18 months whose HIV positive mothers had received PMTCT services reported through PMTCT system database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017 and 1 109 healthy infants born in 2017, whose mothers were healthy, in Lingshan, Luzhai, and Hengxian counties, ranking top three counties with high HIV infection prevalence, in Guangxi. PMTCT data and physical development data such as height, weight and head circumference of children aged 18 months were collected. The physical dysplasia in the infants was defined as at least one of the three main indicators of height, weight and head circumference below the normal range. Results The number of HIV-positive mother and their infants in the case group were 667 and 554 respectively, and the PMTCT rates were 91.15% (608/667) and 96.57% (535/554) respectively. HIV positive rate, mortality rate and mother to child transmission rate of the infants aged 18 months were 1.44% (8/554), 3.07% (17/554) and 1.91% (8/418) respectively, and the physical examination results of the infants aged 18 months showed that the physical dysplasia rate was 30.51% (169/554). Among the 1 109 infants in the control group, the physical dysplasia rate was 9.83% (109/1 109). The difference between the case group and the control group was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion The PMTCT rates of HIV positive mother and their children were more than 90.00%, respectively. However, poor physical development rate of infants aged 18 months were more than 30.00%. The possible influence of PMTCT on physical development of the infants aged 18 months of HIV positive mother''s needs to be further studied.