基层医疗卫生机构药品供应现状及短缺因素分析——以安徽省为例

目的:以安徽省为例,了解基层医疗卫生机构的药品供应现状及药品短缺因素。方法:以安徽省基层医疗卫生机构为主要调查对象,通过分层随机抽样在皖北、皖中、皖南三个地区共抽取106家基层医疗卫生机构;并同时以方便抽样的方式抽取54家药品生产企业和62家药品经营企业;发放问卷了解基层医疗卫生机构的药品供应现状及造成药品短缺的主要原因和解决方法。结果:样本地区仍有13%的基层医疗卫生机构存在药品供应严重不足的现象;各个单位的药品配送率存在较大差异,有19%的基层医疗卫生机构药品配送率在70%以下;调查范围内的全部基层医疗卫生机构存在或者经历过药品短缺。导致药品短缺的主要原因有药品需求不稳定(19.20%)、药品有新的且利润较高替代品(15.94%)等;药品短缺的解决措施包括完善国家基本药物目录(12.78%),适当提高疗效确切、价格低廉品种价格(12.03%)等。结论:基层医疗卫生机构存在药品短缺现象,原因较为复杂;政府应继续推行相关政策,全面改善基层医疗卫生机构药品供应现状,防范药品短缺。

The current situation of the drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health centers: A case study of Anhui Province

Objective:To investigate the current situation of drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health institutions in Anhui province. Methods:Primary health institutions in Anhui province were selected as the main research subjects. One hundred and six (106) primary health institutions from three areas/districts in Anhui province namely northern Anhui, Central Anhui, and Southern Anhui were selected with stratified random sampling as the first sample, and 54 pharmaceutical producing enterprises and 62 pharmaceutical trading enterprises were selected with convenience sampling method as the second sample. The survey was conducted by issuing questionnaires to record views of the respondents to help understand the current situation of drug supply from the first sample and the main determinants and solutions of drug shortage from two samples. Results:13% of the primary health institutions still suffer from serious shortage of drug supply; the drug distribution rate varies greatly between units, and 19% of the primary health institutions have a drug distribution rate below 70%, and all primary health institution within the scope of investigation experienced drug shortages. The frequency of choices of determinants of drug shortage were in sequence of order:drug demand instability (19.20%), drugs have a new and higher profit alternative (15.94%), etc.; The frequency of choices of solutions of drug shortage of primary health institution were in sequence of order:to improve the national list of essential medicines (12.78%), appropriate improvement in efficacy the low-priced varieties (with curative effect) (12.03%), etc. Conclusions:Primary health institutions suffer from drug shortage issue widely, and the reasons for the shortage of drugs are more complicated; the government should continue to implement relevant policies, comprehensively improving the primary health institution drug supply mechanisms in all to prevent drug shortages.