吸入一氧化氮治疗早产儿低氧性呼吸衰竭的应用

动物实验表明，吸入一氧化氮（inhaled NO，iNO）可减少早产动物肺部炎症发生率，提高表面活性物质功能，促进肺生长。自20世纪90年代初iNO首次被用于治疗持续性肺动脉高压以来，已逐渐在新生儿重症监护病房得到应用。虽然多项研究结果均证实iNO治疗早产儿低氧性呼吸衰竭（hypoxic respiratory failure，HRF）的有效性，但至今尚无确切证据表明对早产儿可常规使用iNO治疗。本文结合国内外近年文献，就目前iNO治疗早产儿的作用机制、治疗的临床方案、iNO的有效性及安全性做一综述，以期为临床提供参考。

Clinical application of inhaled nitric oxide in hypoxic respiratory failure of preterm infants

Inhaled NO (iNO) has been shown to have beneficial effects on decreasing pulmonary inflammation, increasing function of surfactant and improving lung growth in prematurely born animal models. iNO has been gradually applied in the neonatal intensive care unit since its first use for persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) in the early 1990''s. Although many research findings have shown the benefits of iNO for hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF) of preterm infants, there is no certain evidence to support the routine use of iNO in premature infants. According to recent literature, the mechanism of iNO therapy, treatment scheme, iNO effectiveness and safety in premature infants were reviewed in this article, so as to provide bases for the clinical use of this treatment.