兴化市0～6岁儿童智力残疾的流行病学调查

目的 了解兴化市0～6岁儿童智力发育状况、智力残疾的患病率,分析致残原因并寻求对策.方法 采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法.抽查4个乡镇8个村的0～6岁儿童191名,用丹佛发育筛查法进行智力筛选检查,阳性者采用盖塞尔发展诊断量表及婴儿-初中学生社会生活能力量表进一步行诊断性测试.结果 确诊为智力残疾者共6人,智力残疾患病率为3.14%.发育障碍(新生儿窒息、早产、低体重)与不良社会文化因素(教养不当)是两类最重要的致残原因,且常常双重存在.结论 智力残疾既有先天性、生物性的因素,又有社会文化等后天因素,须提高围产期医学水平,早发现、早干预、早教育,应用中西医结合的康复治疗与训练,改善农村空巢家庭中的留守儿童的生存状态.

Epidemiological investigation on mentally disabled children aged 0 to 6 years in Xinghua city

Objective To investigate intelligence development status and morbidity of mental disability,to analyze its influential factors among infants aged 0~6 years in rural areas of Xinghua city and to search for strategies for the disease.Methods 191 children aged 0~6 years in 8 native villages of 4 towns were selected and studied in cluster random sampling method. Denver Development Screening Test(DDST) was adopted to screen children first.Then,for those with positive results,Gesell Development Scale and Infantile-Junior Middle School Student Social Life Ability Scale were used for further diagnostic test.Results 6 children with mental disability among 191 children were identified and the prevalence rate of mental disability was 3.14%.Two groups of main risk factors in the disabled children with mental disability in rural areas were found: 1.Developmental disturbance,such as neonatal asphyxia,premature delivery,low birth weigh;2.Adverse social and cultural factors,such as incorrect education and upbringing and so on.Commonly,these two groups of risk factors co-existed.Conclusions Mental disability is associated with not only congenital(genetic),biological factors,but also acquired factors such as social and cultural factors.For these children,on basis of early identification,diagnosis,early intervention and education,rehabilitation and training with combined TCM and western medicine should be taken to decrease the disability rate and to improve the survival status of "empty nest children"in rural areas.