湖北省荆州市高砷水源筛查结果分析

目的 调查湖北省荆州市居民饮水含砷状况,为地方性砷中毒的防治工作提供参考依据.方法 2007、2008年,根据历史资料,在荆州市江陵县、松滋市、公安县、石首市、监利县、洪湖市6县(市)357个自然村进行饮用井水砷检测,对以往发现有高砷水源的自然村及与已知高砷村土地直接相连的自然村普查,在未发现高砷水井的村按自然村井数的10%,按东、西、南、北、中5个方位均匀抽取.采用水中砷快速检测盒(半定量法)检测村民饮用井水砷,对水砷≥0.03 mg/L水样用二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银比色法进行复检.对水砷超标村及其毗邻村的村民开展病情调查.结果 共抽取水样6074份,检出超标水样210份,发现51个自然村为高砷区,水砷最高值为0.7 mg/L.<30 m的水井水砷超标率为3.2%(152/4784),30～100 m的水井水砷超标率为4.9%(58/1184),>100 m的水井水砷超标率为0,不同井深水井水砷超标率组间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.29,P<0.01).在水砷超标的51个自然村及其毗邻的31个村,调查居民84 064人,未发现砷中毒患者.结论 荆州市存在高砷水源,但是尚未发现砷中毒患者.建议对所有高砷区均应采取必要的防治措施,积极寻找低砷水源,或者进行防砷改水,打井深度>100 m.

Outcome analysis of screening on high arsenic water source in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province

Objective To survey the arsenic content of drinking water in Jingzhou City, to provide basis for prevention and control of endemic arsenic disease. Methods According to historical data, the .arsenic content of water was detected in 357 villages from 6 counties of Jianglin, Songzi, Gongan, Shishou, Jianli, Honghushi in Jinzhou City in 2007 and 2008, The past have been found to have high arsenic water villages, villages known to have high concentration of arsenic were put into census. Villages not found to have high-arsenic wells were sampled 10 percent of the whole water resources at five directions of east, west, south, north and the center. Using sampling investigation, water arsenic was determined by half -quantitative fast reagent kit. All samples of water with arsenic exceeding the standard were re-determined using silver diethyl dithiocarbamate using silver diethyl dithiocarbamate colorimetric mothod. Survey on the disease was carried out in the villages with arsenic exeeeding the standard. Results All 6074 water samples was inspected. Arsenic in 210 samples outnumbered 0.05 mg/L, 51 natural villages were high arsenic areas;The maximum level of arsenic content in drinking water was 0.7 mg/L 3.2% (152/4784) of the wells no deeper that 30 meters and 4.9%(58/1184) between 30 to 100 m had arsenic exceeding the standard The water arsenic content was normal when the wells was deeper that 100 m. The abnormal percentages of water arsenic was related with the depth of wells with a significant difference(χ2 = 12.29,P < 0.01). Medical examination 84 064 residents in 51 villages having high arsenic water 31 neighboring villages was made, No Patients was found suffering from endemic arsenic poisoning. Conclusions High arsenic source has been found in Jingzhou City ,but no endemic arsenic poisoning patient in Jingzhou City. It is suggested that necessary preventive measures should be taken in high arsenic area, low-arsenic water should be spotted or high arsenic water improved. Moreover, wells should be drilled for more than 100 meters or more in depth.