广州某小学187名学生生长发育与营养状况变化趋势分析

目的 了解广州市某小学一年级入学新生连续6a的身高、体重以及营养状况动态变化规律,为研究学龄儿童及青少年生长发育状况提供依据.方法 选取广州市某小学一年级入学新生,从2004年10月至2009年10月通过每年1次的学生体质健康检查,记录该学生队列一～六年级每年的身高、体重值,并评价营养状况.结果 男、女生身高和体重随着年龄增长而不断增加.女生二～五年级身高年增长值高于一年级,并在四年级达到高峰;体重三～五年级年增长值高于一～二年级,并在五年级达到高峰.男生五年级身高和体重年增长值高于一～四年级.男、女生一～五年级营养评价分类中,低体重所占比例最高;女生在低年级低体重率不断上升,高年级肥胖率呈现不断上升趋势;男生随着年龄增加,低体重率不断下降,肥胖率逐年上升.结论 小学生营养状况是动态变化的过程,既要控制低体重,也要做好各年龄段肥胖预防控制工作.

Growth and development and nutritional status among 187 pupils in one primary school,Guangzhou

Objective To understand the dynamic change of height,weight and nutritional status of pupils who were in grade six tracked from grade one in one primary school in Guangzhou.Methods Pupils from grade one were observed yearly to grade six from 2004 to 2009,with physical examination including height,weight and nutritional evaluation once a year.Results Height and weight of both boys and girls increased with age.The height growth value of girls from grade two to five peaked at grade four were higher than grade one,while weight growth value from grade three to five peaking at grade five were higher than grade one to two.Growth value of boys both on height and weight from grade five were higher than grade one to four.Low weight proportion accounted for the highest from grade one to five both for boys and girls.Low weight rate of lower grade and obesity rate of higher grade indicated an increase trend on girls.With a reduction of low weight rate,the obesity rate rose for boys year by year.Conclusion Physical health education of primary school should be conducted in girls from grade one to two,and boys from grade three to four.Obesity and low weight should both be under prevention and control owing to the dynamic characteristics of pupils’ nutritional status.