河北省7个监测点城乡居民膳食结构分析

摘要:目的　了解河北省居民膳食结构。方法　采用多阶分层随机抽样的方法，在我省随机抽取了3个城市监测点和4个农村监测点，共随机抽取42个居委会1260户总计3186人进行膳食调查，计算每标准人日食物消费量。膳食调查采用连续3 d 24 h回顾和调味品称重相结合的方法。结果　河北省城乡居民每标准人日谷类薯类及杂豆类的摄入量已达膳食宝塔推荐量，新鲜水果、奶类、畜禽肉类和鱼虾类的摄入量不足情况严重，食用油和盐的摄入量远超过推荐摄入量。城乡居民平均膳食纤维和钙的摄入量分别仅占参考摄入量的37.3%和49.8%，存在摄入不足的风险较高。城乡居民能量、蛋白质摄入偏低，与城市相比，农村居民蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物提供的能量比例较为适宜，城市居民的优质蛋白占膳食蛋白比例更为合理。结论　河北省城乡居民膳食结构欠合理，应加强营养知识宣教，提倡合理膳食和健康生活方式。

Analysis of Dietary Pattern of Residents at 7 Monitoring Sites in Hebei Province

Abstract: Objective The purpose of this study was to understand the dietary pattern of the residents in Hebei province. Methods According to the manual about multistage stratified cluster sampling, 3 cities and 4 counties were selected as monitoring sites. A total of 3186 residents in 1260 families were randomly selected for dietary survey and the calculation of food consumption per standard man-day in 42 residents' committees. The families were required to review the varieties and volume of food intake and to weight the consumed condiments for three consecutive days. Results For the urban and rural residents in Hebei province, the consumption per standard man-day of cereal potato and mixed beans has achieved the recommended level of dietary pagoda, but the deficiency of fresh fruit, milk, livestock, poultry meat and shrimp was serious, and the intake of cooking oil and salt was above the recommended level. The intake of dietary fiber and calcium was only 37.3% and 49.8% of the reference intake, respectively. The intake of energy and protein was low. The proportion of energy provided by protein, fat and carbohydrate in the dietary of rural residents was more reasonable, but the proportion of high quality protein in the dietary protein was more reasonable in urban residents. Conclusion The dietary structure for urban and rural residents was overall not reasonable. It is necessary to strengthen the education on nutrition for promoting rational diet and healthy lifestyle.