2017—2018年济南市城市中学生BMI分析

目的 了解济南市城市中学生BMI指数分布,掌握城市中学生体质量正常、体质量超标、肥胖、消瘦等情况的变化趋势。方法 资料来自济南市城区某中学2017—2018年度的学生健康体检。结果 调查发现,2017—2018年济南市城市中学生BMI指数为 21.56±4.78,男生BMI指数(22.41±5.05)显著高于女生(20.52±4.21),8～岁年龄组BMI指数最高。男生在11～岁年龄段开始BMI指数逐渐升高,女生在13～岁年龄段开始BMI指数逐渐升高。体质量正常检出率55.7%。非正常体质量检出率44.3%,其中体质量超标检出率19.2%,肥胖检出率20.4%,消瘦检出率4.7%。体质量超标、肥胖检出率男生分别为23.1%、26.3%均显著高于女生(14.3%、13.1%),而女生消瘦率(7.0%)显著高于男生(2.9%)。不同年龄段肥胖、消瘦检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),8～岁年龄段肥胖检出率最高(57.1%),15～岁年龄段消瘦检出率最高(9.2%)。体质量超标检出率由高到低依次为:初三(21.8%)>初一(18.7%)>初二(17.1%)。结论 济南市城市中学生体质量超标、肥胖比例较高,消瘦问题并存,应加强健康教育和卫生保健知识宣传,建立良好的生活饮食习惯,注重膳食结构合理,加强体育锻炼,关注儿童青少年健康成长。

Analysis of BMI among urban middle school students in Ji'nan City from 2017 to 2018

Objective To understand the distribution of body mass index (BMI) among middle school students in Ji'nan City, and master the variation trend of normal weight, overweight, obesity and weight loss among them. Methods The data were collected from the health examinations of students of a middle school in Ji'nan City from 2017 to 2018. Results The average BMI was 21.56±4.78 among urban middle school students in Ji'nan City from 2017 to 2018. The average BMI of the male students (22.41±5.05) was significantly higher than that of the female students (20.52±4.21). The average BMI of 8-year-old group was the highest. The average BMI of the boys began to increase gradually at the age of 11 years, while that of girls began to increase gradually at the age of 13 years. The detection rate of normal body mass was 55.7%, and the detection rate of abnormal body mass was 44.3%, of which the detection rate of overweight was 19.2%, obesity was 20.4% and emaciation was 4.7%. The detection rates of overweight and obesity in the male (23.1%, 26.3%) were significantly higher than those in the female (14.3%, 13.1%), while the prevalence of emaciation in the female (7.0%) was significantly higher than that in the male (2.9%). The detection rates of obesity and emaciation in different age groups were significantly different (P<0.05), the detection rate of obesity in the 8-year-old group was the highest (57.1%), and that of emaciation in the 15-year-old group was the highest (9.2%). The detection rates of overweight were, from high to low, grade 3 (21.8%) >grade 1 (18.7%) >grade 2 (17.1%). Conclusion The overweight and obesity rates are high among the middle school students in Ji'nan City, and the emaciation problem also coexists. We should strengthen the health education, establish good dietary habits, pay attention to the reasonable dietary structure, and strengthen physical exercises in adolescents.