不同性别与年龄食源性疾病患者的暴露食物差异分析

目的 分析海宁市不同年龄与性别食源性疾病患者的可疑暴露食物差异，以期为食源性疾病原因食物的调查提供线索。方法 收集2012年1月1日-2019年8月31日浙江省海宁市监测点所有二级及以上医疗机构报告的病例档案信息，采用N(%)描述不同性别和年龄组可疑食物分布情况，采用Logistic回归分析不同人群各类型食物的暴露风险。结果 本研究共纳入10525例食源性病例患者。前五位可疑暴露食物类别为水产品及制品、肉及其制品、水果及其制品、主食、蔬菜及其制品，其中，男性暴露风险更高的食物类别包括水产品及其制品(OR=1.320，95%CI:1.187~1.469)，酒类(OR=5.695,95%CI:3.613~8.977)和包装饮用水(OR=3.790,95%CI:1.327~11.880)。各年龄组具有不同高危暴露食物，与19-49岁年龄组相比，≤5岁年龄组更易暴露于乳制品(OR=6.096，95%CI: 4.452~8.328)、蛋类 (OR=6.096，95%CI: 4.452~8.328)、水果类(OR=3.488，95%CI: 2.858~4.257)、包装饮用水(OR=3.488，95%CI: 2.858~4.257)；6-18岁年龄组更易暴露于乳类(OR=2.325，95%CI: 1.616~3.352)；≥50岁年龄组更易暴露于蔬菜类(OR=2.091，95%CI: 1.789~2.445)、蛋类(OR=1.874，95%CI: 1.454~2.416)和主食类(OR=1.332，95%CI: 1.152~1.547)。结论 不同年龄和性别人群对各类别食物具有不同暴露风险等级，提示在进行食源性疾病调查时可依据病例年龄和性别分布差异提出针对性的病因食物假设。

Gender and age differences in suspected food exposure in patients with foodborne diseases

To analyze the age and sex distribution characteristics of suspected exposed foods in patients with foodborne diseases in Haining City. Methods The case reported by hospitals in Haining City was used to describe the distribution of suspicious food in different sex and age groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the exposure risk of different types of food in different populations. Ｒesults A total of 10525 patients were included in this study. The top five suspected exposed food categories were aquatic products，meat，fruits，staple foods and vegetables. Food categories with a higher risk of male exposure included aquatic products ( OＲ = 1. 320，95% CI: 1. 187 － 1. 469) ，alcohol ( OＲ = 5. 695，95% CI:3. 613 － 8. 977) and packaged drinking water ( OＲ = 3. 790，95% CI: 1. 327 － 11. 880) . Different age groups had different high－ risk exposure foods. Compared with the 49 － year － old group，the ≤ 5 － year － old group was more likely to be exposed to dairy products ( OＲ = 6. 096，95% CI: 4. 452 － 8. 328) ，eggs ( OＲ = 6. 096，95% CI: 4. 452 － 8. 328) ，fruits ( OＲ = 3. 488，95% CI: 2. 858 － 4. 257) and packaged drinking water ( OＲ = 3. 488，95% CI: 2. 858 － 4. 257) ，and the 18 － year － old group was more likely to be exposed to milk ( OＲ = 2. 325，95% CI: 1. 616 － 3. 352) . The age group ≥ 50 years old was more likely to be exposed to vegetables ( OＲ = 2. 091，95% CI: 1. 789 － 2. 445) ，eggs ( OＲ = 1. 874，95% CI: 1. 454 － 2. 416) and staple food ( OＲ = 1. 332，95% CI: 1. 152 － 1. 547) . Conclusion People of different ages and genders have different exposure risks to all kinds of food，the etiological food hypothesis could be put forward according to the distribution difference of age and sex in the investigation of foodborne diseases.