宁夏地区耐药肺结核流行特征

目的 了解2012-2019年宁夏地区登记肺结核患者中耐药率变化特征、空间特征和耐药肺结核患者流行现状，为进一步加强耐药肺结核防治工作提供理论依据。方法 从《结核病信息管理系统》中选择耐药肺结核患者病案，按照患者登记时间提取宁夏所有定点医院2012年1月1日至2019年12月31日登记的肺结核患者，描述耐药肺结核三间分布特征、绘制关联地图，进行空间自相关性分析。结果 2012-2019年全区累积登记耐药肺结核患者491例，结核病耐药率2.41%，肺结核耐药率变化趋势有统计学意义（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=42.46，P＜0.01）。男女比例1.67∶1，职业以农民（44.81%）居多，平均年龄（46±19）岁。2012-2019年肺结核患者高耐药率地区逐年增多，全局空间分布不存在相关性，局部空间分布自相关分析提示2017年以前登记耐药热点区域主要集中在银川市。结论 耐药结核病是结防工作的重大挑战，应当持续保证各项政策的落实，进一步加强重点人群和重点地区的耐药肺结核防治工作。

Drug-resistant tuberculosis patients’ epidemiological,Ningxia

To understand the change characteristics，spatial characteristics and epidemic status of drug － resistant tuberculosis among registered tuberculosis patients in Ningxia from 2012 to 2019，and provide a theoretical basis for further strengthening the prevention and treatment of drug － resistant tuberculosis. Methods First，selected drug － resistant tuberculosis patients’medical records form the Tuberculosis Information Management System. Then extracted the data of patients registered in all Ningxia designated hospitals from January 1，2012 to December 31，2019. Finally，described the distribution characteristics of three drug － resistant pulmonary tuberculosis，drew correlation maps，and conducted spatial autocorrelation analysis. Ｒesults During the sample period，491 cases of drug － resistant tuberculosis were found in Ningxia，with an average annual drug resistance rate of 2. 41% ，and the trend of annual incidence of drug － resistant tuberculosis did change statistically ( χ2 = 42. 46，P ＜ 0. 01) . The male to female ratio was 1. 67∶ 1. Farmers accounted for 44. 81. 2% ，who made up a large proportion. Average age was( 46 ± 19) years. In 2012 － 2019，the areas with high drug resistance rate among pulmonary tuberculosis patients increased year by year，and showed irregular changes. The auto correlation analysis of local spatial distribution showed that the hot spots existed in the vicinity of Yinchuan before 2017. Conclusion Drug － resistant tuberculosis is a challenge for TB prevention. It is necessary to continuously ensure the implementation of policies. The treatment and prevention of tuberculosis need to be further strengthened in key areas and High － risk group.