飞行人员膳食调查与身体质量指数分析

目的合理调整膳食结构，进一步提高飞行员的营养水平。方法通过称量法，对165名飞行员飞行时的膳食及各种营养素摄人情况进行调查分析。结果热能及多种营养素达到或超过营养素供给标准（RDA）；蛋白质质量较好；膳食中的脂肪来自动物性食物的所占比重较大，而钙、铁、锌则以植物性食物来源为主；膳食中硫胺素摄入不足，占RDA的81．2％。身体质量指数（BMI）显示，营养状况正常者为81．8％，超重或肥胖者为18．2％。结论应合理调整飞行员飞行期间膳食结构：①补充植物油调整动植物脂肪比例；②注意增加富含钙、铁、锌的动物性食物；③督促飞行员服用维生素片；④适当控制总热能的摄入量，提高营养水平；⑤加强身体锻炼，增强飞行员的身体素质，预防疾病。

Analysis of Dietary Survey and Body Mass Index of Flying Personnel during Flying Period

Objective To improve further trophic level of flying personnel by reasonably adjusting dietary pattern. Methods Analyzed intaking information of meal and all kinds of nutrients of 65 flying personnel during flying period by weighing method. Results Heat energy and all kinds of nutrients reached or exceeded required dietary allowance（RDA） ,protein quality is better; fat from animal foodstuff accounted for more proportion and calcium, ferrum, zinc mainly came from vegetality foodstuff; intake of vitamin B1 in meal was not enough and accounted for 81.2% of RDA ; body mass index（BMI） showed that the persons of normal nutritional state accounted for 81.6% ,the persons of overweight or obesity accounted for 18.4%. Conclusion We should reasonably adjust dietary pattern of flying personnel during flying period ： （1）adjusting proportion of animal-vegetality fat by adding vegetable oil （2）adding animal foodstuff with abundant calcium, ferrum, zinc ;（3）urging flying personnel to take vitamin;（4）properly controlling intake of heat energy and improving trophie level;（5）enhancing exercise, strengthening physical quality and protecting disease.