促红细胞生成素及其受体与视神经视网膜疾病

促红细胞生成素（EPO）具有促进红系祖细胞增生和分化的作用，其在光诱导性视网膜变性、视网膜缺血一再灌注损伤、急慢性高眼压、视神经损伤、多发性硬化性视神经炎、糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）、早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）等视神经视网膜疾病模型中的神经保护作用也受到了关注。就EPO及其受体在视网膜的分布、其在视神经视网膜病变模型中的表达情况及其对视网膜神经元的保护作用和机制方面的研究进展进行综述。

The protective effects of erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor system on optic nerve and retinal diseases

Erythropoietin(EPO) has an anti-apoptotic effect,and promotes the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. Several studies have indicated that EPO can protect photoreceptor cells from the lightinduced retinal degeneration ;protect retinal neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury and retinal ganglion cells after acute and chronic ocular hypertension; promote ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration after optic nerve transaction; attenuate inflammation in multiple sclerosis optic neuritis; reduce the permeability of the retinal barrier and protect retinal neurons in diabetic retinopathy; enhance the stability of hypoxic retinal vessels in retinopathy of prematurity. Herein,we review the distribution of EPO and its receptor in retina,their expression in animal model of retinal diseases,and their effects and mechanisms in protection of retinal neurons and optic nerve.