中国九省区1 99 1-2006年7~1 7岁儿童青少年饮奶状况及变化趋势

目的 探讨1991-2006年中国9省区7～17岁儿童青少年饮奶状况及变化趋势.方法 以"中国居民健康与营养调查"(CHNS)1991、1993、1997、2000、2004和2006年6轮调查数据资料为基础,选择连续72 h有完整膳食数据的7～17岁儿童青少年作为研究对象.分析该人群饮奶(包括液态奶、奶粉和酸奶,不含其他乳制品和乳饮料)状况及变化趋势.结果 1991-2006年中国儿童青少年饮奶率和平均每日饮奶量总体呈现上升趋势.饮奶率从1991年的2.88%上升到2006年的13.88%;人均饮奶量则从1991年的3.90g/d上升到2006年的26.11 g/d.饮奶消费在城乡、家庭收入水平方面的差异存在统计学意义.人均饮奶量与<中国居民膳食指南>提出的目标(300g/d)还有很大差距,膳食钙摄入不足比例仍在97%以上.结论 1991-2006年中国儿童青少年奶类消费状况有较大改善,但仍存在普遍摄入量不足及地区间差异明显等问题.

Trend of milk consumption among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years old in 9 provinces from 1991 to 2006

Objective To investigate the trend of milk consumption among Chinese children and adolescents in 9 provinces fiom 1991 to 2006. Methods The paper was based on data collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1991,1993,1997,2000,2004, 2006 and the subjects aged 7 to 17 years old with complete 24-hourodietary data for 3 days. Milk consumption in this paper was defined as intake offiesh milk, powdered milk or yogurt, excluding other milk products and milk drinks. Results There were increasing trends of milk drinking rate and average amount of milk consumption per day in the period of 1991-2006, in which milk drinking rate among Chinese children and adolescents increased from 2.88% in 1991 to 13.88% in 2006. The average milk consumption per day increased fiom 3.90 g/day in 1991 to 26.11 g/day in 2006. There were significant differences regarding milk consumption, both on regional and economic levels. Although milk intake had been increasing in the past 15 years, there was still huge gap between the amount of consumption and the criterion of 300 g/day, proposed by the Chinese Dietary Guidelines (2007). The prevalence of dietary calcium intake under Adequate Intake value was still over 97%, indicating the need of more efforts to be made. Conclusion The condition of milk intake was improved significantly from 1991 to 2006.However, there was widespread deficiency in milk consumption among Chinese children and adolescents, calling for strengthening the macro-control, optimizing the production and conducting education on nutrition, and improving milk consumption among the Chinese children and adolescents.