菌糠饲料化利用研究进展

食用菌产业是我国第五大种植产业,每生产1kg的食用菌约产生3.25~5.0kg的菌糠。食用菌收获子实体后留下的栽培基质就是食用菌菌糠,菌糠由菌丝体、秸秆等粗纤维和一些发酵的代谢产物等组成,其中含有大量的碳水化合物(主要是粗纤维、木质素、多糖)、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素和微量元素等。我国食用菌菌糠产量丰富,由于其水分含量高、营养成分多,具有一定的营养价值,如不及时进行处理,将对环境造成污染,同时造成资源浪费。我国食用菌产业高速发展的同时,面临需要高效合理地解决菌糠利用等问题。菌糠饲料化利用是一个有效途径,既能充分利用资源,又可以缓解部分地区饲草料原料不充足的现状。本文从菌糠的利用现状、营养价值、安全性、在反刍动物中的应用现状、存在的问题和未来发展趋势进行综述,为食用菌菌糠饲料化利用提供参考。

Research Progress on Feed Utilization of Edible Fungus Chaff

The edible fungi industry is the fifth largest planting industry in China, with the production of 3.25 to 5.0 kg of fungus chaff for every 1 kg of edible fungi. The culture medium left after harvesting fruiting bodies of edible fungi is the edible fungus chaff, which is composed of crude fibers such as mycelium, straw and some fermented metabolites, it contains a large number of carbohydrates(mainly crude fiber, lignin,polysaccharides), protein, amino acids, vitamins and micronutrients. The edible fungus chaff is rich in yield in China, and has the characteristics of high moisture and nutrient content as well as certain nutritive value, if it is not treated in time, environmental pollution and waste of resources will caused. With the rapid development of edible fungi industry in China, the utilization of edible fungus chaff needs to be solved efficiently and reasonably. The utilization of edible fungi chaff as feed is an effective way, which can not only make full use of resources, but also alleviate the shortage of forage materials in some areas. In this paper, the utilization status, nutritional value, safety, application status, existing problems and future development trend of edible fungus chaff were summarized, hoping to provide some references for the utilization of edible fungus chaff as feed.