Evaluation of postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia--a prospective study

Objective

Postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia have been reported to affect 42% of women within the first 2 weeks after their first vaginal delivery. We aimed to determine the prevalence of dyspareunia and perineal pain using validated pain scores following accurate classification of perineal trauma according to the guidelines of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

Study design

Prospective study of women having their first vaginal delivery. All women had a perineal and rectal examination. Pain was assessed with a 4-point Verbal Rating Score and an 11-point visual analogue scale on day 1, day 5 and 2 months after delivery.

Results

Two hundred and fifty-four women were invited and 95% participated. Ninety-two percent experienced perineal pain on day one, resolving in 88% (p < 0.001) at 2 months. Compared to an intact perineum or first degree tear significantly more women experienced perineal pain after a second, third or fourth degree tear. Forty percent resumed coitus within 2 months regardless of whether perineal trauma occurred or not. Five days after delivery, uncomplicated episiotomies resulted in more perineal pain than second degree tears.

Conclusions

Although perineal pain affected 92% of mothers, it resolved in the majority within 2 months of delivery. Obstetric anal sphincter injury is associated with more perineal pain than other perineal trauma. Spontaneous second degree tears cause less perineal pain than episiotomies. The 11-point visual analogue scale may be more sensitive than the 4-point Verbal Rating Score.