先天性心脏病的危险因素分析

目的探讨围产儿先天性心脏病的发病率、类型及其可能的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2010年在本院出生的315例先心病患儿和同期出生的315例健康儿进行病例对照研究，了解围产儿中先心病的发病率、分类及其可能的危险因素。结果2010年围产儿先天性心脏病的发病率为4．31％；居前五位先心病类型为心腔和心连接的其他先天性畸形、心腔和心连接的其他先天性畸形＋动脉导管未闭、动脉导管未闭、室间隔缺损、心腔和心连接的其他先天性畸形十动脉导管未闭；年龄、家庭住址、年平均收入、文化程度、孕妇孕早期糖尿病、孕妇孕早期患其它疾病等六个因素为与先心病有关的高危因素。结论应加强孕期健康教育，提高产前产后诊治水平，避免与先心病有关的高危因素，以降低先心病发生率。

Analysis on Risk Factors of Congenital Heart Diseases

Objective To investigate the incidence,different types of perinatal congenital heart diseases(CHD) and their correlative risk factors.Methods A case-control study was performed between 315 cases with CHD and 315 normal newborns.All the subjects were the newborn inpatients in Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital in 2010.Results The incidence of congenital heart disease was 4.31% in 2010.The most common deformation in 315 infants with CHD was heart chamber and connected to other congenital heart malformations,followed by heart cavity and heart connections with other congenital malformations + patent ductus arteriosus,patent ductus arteriosus,ventricular septal defect,heart cavity and heart connections with other congenital malformations + patent ductus arteriosus.The risk factor linked to CHD were elder pregnant women,home address,average annual income,educational background,maternal diabetes in early pregnancy,and pregnant women suffering from other diseases in the first trimester of pregnancy.Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen prenatal health education,improve the prenatal and postpartum diagnostic level,and avoid the high risk factors linked to CHD so as to decrease the incidence of CHD.