初中生自杀风险的普遍性及针对性干预的效果

目的:对初中生自杀风险开展以学校为基础的普遍性干预及针对性干预,考察干预效果。方法:选取初一、初二学生606人,以班级为单位随机分为干预组(n=328)和对照组(n=278)。干预组先后开展以学校为基础(在学校内)的普遍性干预(对该组所有学生及其老师和家长干预)和针对性干预(对该组有自杀风险的学生干预)共8个月,频率1次/周;对照组进行一般性的心理宣教(该组学生老师和家长不干预)。干预前1周及干预后1月评估两组学生自尊量表(SES)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、贝克抑郁问卷(BDI)及自杀风险筛查。结果:干预后,干预组BDI得分[24.0(20.0,54.0)分vs.23.0(0.0,67.0)分,P<0.01]、自杀风险筛查阳性[47例(14.3%)vs.25例(7.6%),P<0.01]降低;对照组上述两指标在干预前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:以学校为基础的普遍性干预和针对性干预对降低初中生抑郁水平、自杀风险水平有一定效果。

Effectiveness of universal and indicated intervention on suicide risk in junior middle school students

Objective:To examine the effectiveness of school-based universal intervention and indicated intervention on suicide risk in junior middle school students.Methods:Totally 606 students from grade one and grade two of junior middle school were selected.They were randomly divided into intervention group(n=328) and control group(n=278) by taking class as a unit.The intervention group used school-based(in school) universal intervention and indicated intervention successively.Universal intervention and indicated intervention were carried out 8 months with frequency of once a week.The control group received general mental health education.No intervention was given to teachers and parents of students in control group.One week before and one month after intervention,the Self-Esteem Scale(SES),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ),Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and suicide risk screening were assessed.Results:The scores of BDI[24.0(20.0,54.0)vs.23.0(0.0,67.0),P<0.01]and cases of positive suicide risk screening[47(14.3%)vs.25(7.6%),P<0.01]in intervention group were significantly lower than those before intervention,but there was no significant difference in the control group before and after the intervention(P>0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that school-based universal intervention and indicated intervention have a certain effect on reducing the level of depression and suicide risk in junior middle school students.