北京市某企业职工高血压患病情况及其影响因素

目的了解北京市某企业职工高血压患病情况,同时分析可能的影响因素,为该企业职业人群高血压预防工作提供理论依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对北京市某化工企业13个作业部共3 029名职工进行问卷调查,并结合当年的职业健康检查资料分析高血压的危险因素。结果该企业职工的高血压患病率为11.49%,男性职工患病率为14.6%,女性职工患病率为4.11%,男性高血压的患病率明显高于女性（P〈0.01）。且该人群高血压的患病率随年龄、工龄而逐步增加,脾气急躁、操作工、吸烟、饮酒、饮食口味偏咸、饮食习惯偏荤为危险因素,知道高血压诊断标准和保证睡眠质量、锻炼（≥3次/周）、高中和大专学历相对于小学及以下文化程度为保护因素。多因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、饮酒、工种、有高血压家族史等均为危险因素,知道高血压诊断标准和保证睡眠质量为保护因素。结论高血压的患病率与多种因素有关,其吸烟、饮酒、工种、高血压家族史为高血压的危险因素,应引起人们的重视。

Hypertension prevalence and its influencing factors of employees in a enterprise of Beijing City

[Objective]To understand the hypertension prevalence of employees in a enterprise of Beijing City,to analyze the possible factors simultaneously,and provide theoretical basis for hypertension control in this chemical enterprise. [Methods]The cluster sampling method was adopted to select 3029 workers from 13 operation departments for questionnaire survey,the risk factor of hypertension was analyzed based on the occupational health examination data of that year. [Results]The prevalence rate of hypertension was11. 49% in this enterprise,that of male and female workers was 14. 6% and 4. 11%,respectively,with significant difference（ P〈0.01）. With extending age,length of service,the prevalence gradually increased. Fiery,operator,smoking,drinking,eating salty,meat eating habits were risk factors for hypertension. Knowing hypertension diagnostic criteria,ensuring the quality of sleep,exercise（ ≥3 times / week）,high school and college degree compared with primary school and lower education level were protective factors. multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that smoking,drinking,occupation,family history of hypertension were the risk factors,while knowing hypertension diagnostic criteria and ensuring the quality of sleep were protective factors.[Conclusion]The prevalence of hypertension is associated with a variety of factors. Smoking,drinking,occupation,family history of hypertension are risk factors for hypertension which should attract people＇s attention.