合肥市区2～6岁儿童超重和肥胖现况分析

目的了解合肥市区2-6岁儿童超重和肥胖的现况,为制定儿童超重和肥胖的干预策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法,对合肥市区96所幼儿园17 984名儿童进行体格检查,根据WHO标准评价儿童体格发育,用身高别体重评价超重和肥胖,凡身高别体重超过中位数10%-19%者为超重,超过20%为肥胖。运用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果在2-6岁儿童中,超重儿童占11.89%,肥胖儿童占5.57%,随着年龄的增长,超重儿童有逐年下降的趋势（χ2趋势=23.068,P〈0.01）;肥胖儿童有逐年上升的趋势（χ2趋势=44.178,P〈0.01）,男童和女童的超重分别为12.32%和11.38%,无显著性差异（χ2趋势=3.740,P=0.053）;肥胖率分别为6.88%和4.01%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=69.629,P〈0.01）;超重＋肥胖儿童随着年龄增长没有增长或下降趋势（χ2趋势=0.007,P=0.936）。超重、轻度肥胖、中度肥胖和重度肥胖儿童的构成比分别为68.11%、20.23%、10.48%和1.18%。公立幼儿园和私立幼儿园超重儿童分别为12.65%和11.67%,无显著性差异（χ2=2.918,P=0.088）;肥胖儿童分别为6.73%和5.23%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.575,P〈0.01）。结论合肥市区2-6岁儿童超重和肥胖率比较高,部分超重儿童可能随着年龄的增长变成肥胖儿童;预防儿童肥胖应先预防超重,并且年龄越小越好。

Analysis on current situation of overweight and obesity among children aged 2-6 years old in Hefei urban area

[Objective]To investigate the current situation of overweight and obesity among children aged 2-6 years old in Hefei urban area,provide the scientific basis for developing the intervention strategies and measures of overweight and obesity in children.[Methods]The cluster sampling method was used to obtain a sample group consisting of17 984 children（from96 kindergartens） in Hefei urban area. Children＇s physical development status was evaluated according to the WHO standards. The weight-for-length value was applied to evaluate overweight and obesity,namely children whose weight-for-length value was 10%-19% greater than the median were defined as the overweight,while that was 20% greater than the median were defined as the obesity. Database was established with Epi Data 3. 1,and analyzed by SPSS 13. 0 software.[Results]Among children aged 2-6 years old,the incidence rate of overweight and obesity was 11. 89% and 5. 57% respectively. With increasing age,the incidence rate of overweight showed a downward trend year by year（ χ2= 23. 068,P〈0. 01）,while the incidence rate of obesity increased gradually（ χ2= 44. 178,P〈0. 01）. The incidence rate of overweight in boys and girls was 12. 32% and 11. 38% respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant（χ2= 3. 740,P = 0. 053）. The incidence rate of obesity in boys and girls was 6. 88% and 4. 01% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（χ2= 69. 629,P〈0. 01）. The incidence rate of overweight combined with obesity had no downward or rising trend with increasing age（χ2= 0. 007,P = 0. 936）. The constituent ratio of overweight,mild obesity,medium obesity and severe obesity children was 68. 11%,20. 23%,10. 48 and 1. 18%,respectively. The incidence rate of overweight in public kindergartens and private kindergartens was 12. 65% and 11. 67% respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant（χ2= 2. 918,P = 0. 088）. The incidence rate of obesity in public kindergartens and private kindergartens