护士职业压力、应对方式与职业倦怠的相关性

目的了解重症监护病房（ICU）护士的职业压力、应对方式及职业倦怠现状,明确职业压力、应对方式与职业倦怠的相关性,为减轻ICU护士职业倦怠提供科学依据。方法 2013年10月对唐山市工人医院13个ICU 204名护士,采用护士工作压力源、简易应对方式、职业倦怠量表进行问卷调查。结果护士工作压力总分为（2.36±0.42）分,其中工作量及时间分配是其护士最主要工作压力源（2.95±0.67）分。ICU护士积极应对方式为（1.78±0.46）分,与全国常模无差异;消极应对方式为（1.16±0.54）分,低于全国常模;ICU护士情感枯竭为（26.60±10.23）分,个人成就感为（26.20±9.78）分,去人格化维度为（6.99±5.31）分。相关性分析显示,ICU护士职业压力、消极应对与情感枯竭、去人格化呈正相关,积极应对与个人成就感呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论 ICU护士职业压力愈大,情感枯竭、去人格化程度愈重,积极应对方式可提高护士的个人成就感,消极应对方式易使情感枯竭、去人格化程度增高。

Correlation between occupational stress,coping styles and job burnout among nurses

Objective]To understand the current situation of occupational stress,coping styles and job burnout among nurses of intensive care unit（ ICU）,study the correlation between occupational stress,coping styles and job burnout,and provide a scientific basis for alleviating the job burnout of ICU nurses. Methods]204 nurses were collected from 13 ICU departments of Tangshan Workers＇ Hospital in October 2013. Nurse working pressure scale,Simplified coping style questionnaire,and Maslach burnout inventory-general survey were applied in this study. Results]The total score of occupational stress in ICU nurses was（2.36 ±0.42）,and the workload and time allocation was the most important pressure source（2.95 ±0.67）. The scores of positive coping styles in ICU nurses were（ 1. 78 ± 0. 46）,which was similar to the national norm. The scores of negative coping styles were（ 1. 16 ± 0. 54）,which was lower than the national norm. The scores of emotional exhaustion,personal accomplishment and depersonalization in ICU nurses were（ 26. 60 ± 10. 23）,（ 26. 20 ± 9. 78） and（ 6. 99 ± 5. 31）,respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the occupational stress and negative coping styles in ICU nurses were positively correlated to the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization,while the positive coping styles was positively correlated to personal accomplishment（ P〈0. 05）.Conclusion]ICU nurses with greater occupational stress are more prone to get emotional exhaustion and depersonalization,positive coping styles can improve the personal accomplishment of nurses,and negative coping styles may enhance the degrees of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.