三苯基铋的亚急性毒性和蓄积毒性及致突变作用

目的 研究三苯基铋(TPB)的亚急性毒性、蓄积毒性和致突变作用,为其在固体推进剂中的应用及防护提供毒理学依据。方法 毒性试验选用不同性别的昆明种小鼠44只,随机分为10．9,21．8,43．5mg／kg3个剂量组和1个对照组,小鼠隔日经口染毒35d。蓄积毒性试验选用不同性别的昆明种小鼠20只,随机分为2组,用固定剂量法染毒。致突变试验选用微核试验、精子畸形试验和Ames试验。结果毒性试验高剂量染毒组染毒1周时,小鼠出现活动减少,行动迟缓。肝脏器系数,中、高剂量染毒组(6．47％,8．63％)与对照组(5．01％)比较,差异有非常显著性(P＜O．01);肾脏器系数,低、中剂量染毒组(1．26％,1．24％)与对照组(1．05％)比较,差异有显著性(P＜O．05);各染毒组白细胞总数和血红蛋白含量与对照组比较,差异均无显著性(P＞O．05);血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)高剂量染毒组(122．70U)与对照组(53．38U)比较,差异有非常显著性(P＜O．01)。血清尿素氮(BUN)各组间差异均无显著性(P＞O．05)。病理学检查,中、高剂量染毒组肝细胞呈轻度水样变性,而低剂量染毒组改变不明显,其他脏器未见明显病理变化。TPB蓄积系数(K)为1．33,属于明显蓄积。致突变试验结果均为阴性。结论 TPB属中等毒性,具有明显蓄积作用,对肝细胞有明显的损伤作用,未见其具有致突变作用。

Study on Sub-acute Toxicity,Cumulative Toxicity and Mutagenicity of Triphenyl Bismuth in Mice

Objective To study the sub-acute toxicity,cumulative toxicity and mutagenicity of triphenyl bismuth(TPB)in mice.Methods Experimental mice were divided into 4 groups:1 control group and 3 experiment groups.The latter groups were administered orally with TPB(10.9,21.8,and 43.5 mg/kg respectively)once every other day for 35 days.A method of fixed dosage for TPB was adopted in cumulative toxicity test of mice.Ames test,micronucleus test and sperm deformation test were selected for mutagenic observation.Results Mice received high dose of TPB for 1 week showed that their motion decreased and behavior slackened.The organic coefficients of liver and kidney of mice in various dose groups were higher than those of the control group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).ALT of mice in high dose group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.01).Histopathology examination showed that slight hydropic degeneration of hepatic cell of mice in medium and high dose groups was found.The cumulative coefficient(K)1.33 indicates the obvious accumulation of TPB in mice.The results of mutagenesis test showed negative.Conclusions TPB is a material of mild toxicity.Effects on liver damage were significant.Mutagenesis effects of TPB in mice were not observed.