母乳喂养与成人肥胖及超重关系

目的探讨早期母乳喂养与成年后肥胖和超重的关系,为有效预防成人肥胖和超重提供科学依据。方法随机抽取黑龙江省哈尔滨市35~45岁居民800人,采用问卷调查和体格检查方法搜集资料,以体质指数(BMI)作为肥胖和超重的判定标准。结果非母乳、混合母乳和母乳喂养人群肥胖发生率分别为21.21%,12.08%,11.31%,各组肥胖发生率差异无统计学意义(χ²=5.287,P=0.071);各组超重发生率分别为45.45%,37.68%,28.89%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.482,P=0.005);非母乳组超重率高于纯母乳喂养组(χ²=7.493,P<0.05)。非母乳喂养和母乳喂养人群(混合和纯母乳)肥胖和超重发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但肥胖和超重发生率未随纯母乳喂养时间延长而减少。在影响成人肥胖的各种因素中,母乳喂养为保护因素,可使肥胖的危险性减少到0.816倍,出生体重、母亲BMI和能量摄入为危险因素,可使肥胖的危险性分别增加1.516,1.922和1.738倍。结论母乳喂养对于成人肥胖和超重的发生具有一定预防作用,应大力提倡合理母乳喂养。

Correlation between breastfeeding and obesity, overweight in adult

ObjectiveTo explore the association between breastfeeding and obesity,overweight and prov ide scientific evidence for the prevention.MethodsEighthundreds adults aged 35~45 years old were sampled in Harbin randomly.Data were collected by questionnaires and physical exam.Body mass index(BMI)was used as the diagnosis standard of obesity and over weight.ResultsAdult's obesity rate of NBF(not breastfeeding)group,mixed breastfeeding group and pure breastfeeding group was 21.21%,12.08%,11.31%,respectively,without statistical difference(χ²=5.287,P=0.071).Overweight rate of the three groups was 45.45%,37.68%,28.89%,respectively with statistical difference(χ²=10.482,P=0.005).Overweight rate of NBF group was higher than that of pure breastfeeding group(χ²=7.493,P<0.05).The differences of obesity rate and overweight rate between NBF and breastfeeding group all had statistical significance(P<0.05),but there was no dose response relation between pure breastfeeding time and adult obesity rate and overweight rate.Among various influence factors,breastfeeding was a protective one to reduce adult obesity with a decreased risk of 0.816.Birth weight,mother BMI and energy intake increased the risk of obesity by 1.516,1.922 and 1.738 times,respectively.ConclusionBreastfeeding have some influence on preventing adult from obesity and overweight,rational breastfeeding should be strongly recommended.