从老人院听力调查情况看老人听力康复的重要性

目的通过对南宁市社会福利院的老人进行听力调查，了解老年人听力残疾发生率及残疾程度。方法在本底噪声≤40dB（A）的安静房间内，用Pc—RB便携式听力计，对老人双耳进行纯音测听，取0．5、1、2、4kHz4个频率的平均值作为评定听功能的指标。结果按第二次全国残疾人抽样调查所定听力残疾等级标准进行评定，52例老人中有听力残疾的人数为42例，占80．77％，其中一级听力残疾3例，占5．77％；二级听力残疾3例，占5．77％；三级听力残疾19例，占36．54％；四级听力残疾17例，占32．69％。在听力残疾的42例中，男26例，女16例；听力相对较好者10例，男3例，女7例。结论社会福利院60岁以上的老人相对集中，听力残疾发生率较高，这是老年性聋发生的一个缩影，应引起全社会对老年人的听力保护和康复的重视；老年听力残疾人中男性比女性多，而未定等级的10例中，女性又较男性多，这又为研究老年性聋发生机理，特别是易感基因或长寿基因的研究提供了流行病学调查的依据。

Investigation on hearing conditions of senior citizens in social welfare institution

Objective To find out the hearing status and the degree of disabilities of 52 senior citizens through hearing examinations. This will promote measures to help seniors and improve the quality of their life. Methods Pc-Rb portable audiometer was used to conduct hearing screening in a room with a background noise less than 40 dB （A）. The subjects were well informed regarding the participation in the screening. Puretone audiometry was performed at four frequencies of 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz and 4 kHz. The analysis of the audiograms was carried out according to the national standards and recommendations. Results According to the classification of the hearing disabilities, 3 cases of Class 1 disability were noted with a percentage of 5.77% ; 3 cases of Class 2 disability or 5.77% ,19 cases of Class 3 or 36.54% ; 17 cases of Class 4 or 32.69% ; 10 cases had no disability at a rate of 19.23%. Among persons with hearing disability, there were 26 men and 16 women. Among persons without hearing disability, there were 3 men and 7 women. Conclusion Most of the senior citizens in social welfare institutions are more than 60 years old. The incidence of hearing disability among these people is relatively higher, which shall arouse more concerns in the whole society about the hearing protection and rehabilitation of senior citizens. The number of aged men with hearing disability is larger than that of women. Otherwise, there are more women than men among the 10 persons without hearing disability. The investigation provides epidemiologic evidence for researches on mechanism of presbycusis, especially on susceptibility genes and longevity genes.